| Title |
Analysis of the Grid Code on Synthetic Inertia of Wind Turbine Generators in Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie |
| Authors |
강용철(Yong Cheol Kang) ; 조동호(Dongho Cho) ; 김규호(Kyu-Ho Kim) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5370/KIEE.2023.72.12.1593 |
| Keywords |
Frequency event; Frequency nadir; Frequency stability; Grid code; Kinetic energy; Synthetic inertia |
| Abstract |
Synthetic inertia control (SIC) of wind turbine generators (WTGs) releases the kinetic energy stored in the rotating masses of WTGs upon detecting a frequency event to improve the frequency nadir. WTGs perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation prior to an event. SIC of WTGs can support the frequency stability in a cost-effective way because the loss of the annual energy production is negligible. Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie (HQT) in Canada introduced the SIC requirement in the grid code in 2009 and modified in 2019. Other transmission system operators (TSOs) such as Ontario Independent System Operator in Canada and ENTSO-E introduced the SIC requirement in their grid code. To support the frequency stability, the SIC requirement of HQT increases the pre-defined level of the active power and maintains it during the pre-defined period. After that, to prevent over-deceleration (OD) and/or recover the rotor speed to the optimal rotor speed prior to an event, the WTG active power is reduced. The HQT’s SIC requirement can successfully improve the frequency nadir. However, while decreasing the active power, it can cause a significant second frequency dip (SFD). In this process, the second frequency nadir might be lower than the first frequency nadir, thereby degrading the frequency stability. In addition, Korea is planning to introduce the SIC requirement in his grid code in the near future. To help this, this paper addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the latest HQT’s SIC requirement by varying the incremental power, decrease rate, wind speed, and event size on the SIC performance are analyzed. |