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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joongbu University, Korea)



GIS spacer, Epoxy nano composites, Epoxy/Nano/Micro mixed composites, Electrical breakdown strength, Mechanical tensile strength

1. ์„œ๋ก 

์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ GIS Spacer, ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ž์žฅ์น˜ ์ค‘ PCB (Printed Circuit Board)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง‘์ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ํญ์‹œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด์œ ์ด๋‹ค.

์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์—ด ์ „๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์—ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ €๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์— ๋†’์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด์—ด์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๊ธฐ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, IGBT์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์นจ์‹ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ (1), ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์— ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…์€ ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ด์ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ , ์นจ์‹์ €ํ•ญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ €ํ•ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋”์šฑ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค(2-6). ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(2).

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ง„๋œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด โ€‹โ€‹๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธํ•„๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(7). EVA ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PP ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค(8).

์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ „๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(9,10). ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ „ (PD)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์นจ์‹ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ PD์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(11-15). ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„๋„๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ•„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค(17).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(18,19)๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ GIS Spacer์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋‚˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋œ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹ค ํ—˜

2.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” Araldite B 41๋กœ์„œ, ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ(instrument transformers), ์Šค์œ„์นญ๊ธฐ์–ด(switchgear) ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์—ด์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ฅ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ ๋„๋Š” 120โ„ƒ์—์„œ 390-520(mPa s)[DIN 5319]์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ํญ์‹œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ 2.55~2.70{equiv./kg}[ISO 3001], ๋ฐ€๋„ 1.15~1.25g/cm3 [ISO 1675], ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝํ™”์ œ๋Š” HT 903-1๋กœ์„œ, ๋…น์€์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 79~83โ„ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 130โ„ƒ์—์„œ 1.22~1.25g/cm3[ISO 1675], ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ํŒŒ์šฐ๋” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…์ž (์ œํ’ˆ๋ช…:SS0090, ์‹œ๋ฒจ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„)์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ (specific surface area)์€ 0.709m2/g, ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ‰๊ท (surface weighted mean)์€ 8.462ฮผm, ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ‰๊ท (volume weighted mean)์€ 11.792ฮผm ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ž…๋„๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 1~35ฮผm ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 10.721ฮผm์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋Š” Somasif(MPE), ์ผ๋ณธ Co-OP Chemical (์ฃผ) ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์ด์นด์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ(nano layered silicate์ดํ•˜ NLS๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์—ํญ์‹œ/NLS/Micro Silica ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ

Fig. 1. Preparation of Epoxy/NLS/Micro Silica mixed composite

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2018.67.9.1181/fig1.png

2.2 Epoxy/NLS/Micro Silica Mixture Composites์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ œ์กฐ

ํ‘œ 1. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ชฉ๋ก

Table 1. Sample list

๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

์›์–ด

1

Epoxy Resin(B41)

2

Epoxy/NLS_1phr Composites

3

Epoxy/NLS_3phr Composites

4

Epoxy/NLS_5phr Composites

5

Epoxy Resin/NLS_3phr+Micro Silica_40wt% Composites

6

Epoxy Resin/NLS_3phr+Micro Silica_50wt% Composites

7

Epoxy Resin/NLS_3phr+Micro Silica_60wt% Composites

8

Epoxy Resin/NLS_3phr+Micro Silica_70wt% Composites

Epoxy Resin: Araldite(B41), Hardener:HT 903-1์œผ๋กœ B41(์ฃผ์ œ)์™€ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋น„๋Š” 1:0.4๋กœ ํ•จ.

NLS:Nano Layered Silicate, E: Epoxy Resin, MS: Micro Silica, ENM_40wt%: Epoxy/NLS_3phr+Micro Silica_40wt%์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

phr: ์ˆ˜์ง€ 100g๋‹น ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ g ์ˆ˜

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ (TEM)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2(a)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์ด์นด๋กœ์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ(NLS)์˜ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์—ํญ์‹œ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ intercalation(์‚ฝ์ž…)์ด๋ผ, ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ 100nm์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ(exfoliation) ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฉด์ ์ด 850m2/g์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํฐ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์‹๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ •๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๋ญ‰์นจํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2(a)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ตต์€ ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋กœ์„œ 50~150nm์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1nm๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2(b)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž์ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด_60wt%์™€ NLS_3phr๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋กœ์„œ. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ž…์ž์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ต๋ฐ˜์‹œ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž์‚ฌ์ด์— ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ž…์ž์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด˜์ด˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(24).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ-๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ TEM ์˜์ƒ

Fig. 2. TEM image of Nanocomposite and Nano-Micro mixed Composites

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2018.67.9.1181/fig2.png

3.2 ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ

3.2.1 ์—ํญ์‹œ/NLS ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3(a), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3(b) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ํญ์‹œ(Araldite B41) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•˜์—์„œ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ(MPE)๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ 1, 3, 5phr๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜์–ด์ ธ, ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต์‚ฌ์ด(inter gallery)๋กœ ์ธต๊ฐ„ ์‚ฝ์ž…์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต์‚ฌ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜์–ด์ ธ 100nm ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฝ์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค(25). ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ 1, 3, 5phr ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธก์ •์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ณ ์ „์••์„ 1kV/s ์Šน์••์†๋„๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์™€์ด๋ธ”ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ(shape parameter), ๋‘˜์งธ ์Šค์ผ€์ผํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ(scale parameter), ์…‹์งธ B10 ์ˆ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” 12๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์ธก์ •์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋งŒํผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS) ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„, ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ

Fig. 3. AC insulation breakdown strength of epoxy / nano (NLS) composite, weibull plot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2018.67.9.1181/fig3.png

ํ‘œ 2. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3(a)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™€์ด๋ธ”ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ’

Table 2. Properties value of weibull plot for Fig. 3(a)

Types of Samples

Shape Parameter

Scale Parameter [kV]

B10 Life [kV]

Note

Epoxy/NLS_0phr

41.07

44.45

42.13

Reference

Epoxy/NLS_1phr

113.93

49.00

48.04

10.11%โ†‘

Epoxy/NLS_3phr

62.84

51.19

49.39

15.16%โ†‘

Epoxy/NLS_5phr

45.35

53.44

50.85

20.08%โ†‘

๋˜ํ•œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ ํผ์„ผํŠธ 63.2%์˜ ๊ต์ ์—์„œ X์ถ•์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์„ ์Šค์ผ€์ผํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  B10 ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ  ํผ์„ผํŠธ 10%์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ต์ ์—์„œ X์ถ•์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ 12๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 2~3๊ฐœ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ค‘์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3์™€ ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ, NLS ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์›ํ˜•์—ํญ์‹œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ, 1 phr ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 10.11% ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 3phr์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 15.16%๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5phr์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 20.08%์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ž…์ž์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœํฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํฐ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1(a)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๋ฐ”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๋‹ค์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ๋œ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ๋œ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์ธต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„“ํ˜€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋กœ์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ญ‰์นจ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธต๊ฐ„์‚ฝ์ž…๋œ ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธต๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฝ์ž…์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์‚ฝ์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ 1phr, 3phr, 5phr์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์—ํญ์‹œ์— ์ถฉ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์ ธ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต์‚ฌ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ฆฌ์–ด์ ธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ง„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ํ•˜์ „์ž…์ž์˜ ์ฃผ์ž…๊ณผ ๋‚ด์ œ๋œ ์ „ํ•˜๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์„œ ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ˜•์ธ ์—ํญ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋จพ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ๊ณ„๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค(22,23).

3.2.2 ์—ํญ์‹œ/NLS+MS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4์™€ ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ๋Š” 4์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ํญ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ NLS_3phr์„ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€์— ์ถฉ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ NLS_3phr ์•ก์ƒ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ 40, 50, 60, 70wt% ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ™”์กฐ๊ฑด 140โ„ƒร—16hr๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฐ์‹œ์ผ€์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. NLS_3phr์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ๊ต๋ฐ˜์‹œ ๊ณผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2(b)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 4์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์— ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ „์••์„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3(a)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ธ ์Šค์ผ€์ผํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ(63.2%) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4(b)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ฆ‰, ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ์Šค์ผ€์ผํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ(63.2%) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  B10 ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4(a), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4(b)์™€ ํ‘œ 3์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž NLS์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ 3phr๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ 40, 50, 60, 70wt% ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— B10 ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์Šค์ผ€์ผํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ์›ํ˜•์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ 40wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 15.9%์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, 50wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 19.39%์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ , 60wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 22.4% ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 70wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 25.82%์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„๋ก€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS)+MS ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„, ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ

Fig. 4. AC insulation breakdown strength of epoxy / nano (NLS)+MS composite, weibull plot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2018.67.9.1181/fig4.png

ํ‘œ 3. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4(a)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™€์ด๋ธ”ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ’

Table 3. Properties value of weibull plot for Fig. 4(a)

Types of Samples

Shape Parameter

Scale Parameter [kV]

B10 Life [kV]

Epoxy Resin

41.07

44.45

42.13

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+MS_40wt%

41.18

51.49

48.77

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+MS_50wt%

36.21

53.07

49.88

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+MS_60wt%

29.56

54.41

50.45

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+MS_70wt%

50.45

55.93

53.50

์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2(b)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๋ฐ”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ์ด๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…์ž์™€ ์ž…์ž์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์น˜๋ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1nm๋กœ์„œ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 50~150nm์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ ์ฆ‰, Tanaka(16) 3์ธต ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ์ธต ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ํญ์‹œ OH์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ OH๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นจ์‹์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  , ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ „์ด์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(20-23,26).

๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฉด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ 3์ธต ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.3 ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5์™€ ํ‘œ 4์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS)/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 4์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ 3phr๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ์•ก์ƒ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ 40,50,60,70wt%์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ TEM์˜ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๊ท ์งˆ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS)+MS ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„, ์™€์ด๋ธ” ํ”Œ๋กฏ

Fig. 5. Mechanical Tensile Strength of epoxy /nano(NLS) +MS composite, weibull plot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2018.67.9.1181/fig5.png

ํ‘œ 4. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5(a)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™€์ด๋ธ”ํ”Œ๋กฏ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ’

Table 4. Properties value of weibull plot for Fig. 5(a)

Types of Samples

Shape Parameter

Scale Parameter [MPa]

B10 Life [MPa]

Epoxy Resin

65.09

70.73

68.31

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+40wt%

34.64

73.67

69.04

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+50wt%

38.41

77.50

73.11

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+60wt%

25.32

78.80

72.09

Epoxy/NLS_3phr+70wt%

80.45

88.75

86.29

๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ์ธก์ •์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  cross- head speed๊ฐ€ 10 mm/min์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ธ์žฅํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜•์ƒํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์งˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์›ํ˜•์—ํญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ENM_40wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด 4.15% ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๊ณ , ENM_50wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 9.57% ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ, ENM_60wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 11.4% ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ENM_70wt%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 25.47% ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ

์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ 3phr๋กœ์„œ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถฉ์ง„์žฌ๋ฅผ 40~70wt% ์ถฉ์ง„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ณด์ด๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ญ‰์นจ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ณด์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ „์ด์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ดํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด ๋งค์šฐ์ปค์„œ ์ธต๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์‚ฌ์ด ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด 70wt%์˜ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ๋” ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž…์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์™€์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด๊ณผ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค(20,24). ์•ž์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ๋œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„์—์„œ๋„ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์›์ธ๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฉด์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฉด๋„ ๋ฌดํ•œ์žฅ ๋„“์€ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS)/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ(NLS)์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด 8์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ •๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์™€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ TEM์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ(TEM)

์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋‚ด์— ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ TEM ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต๋ฐ˜๋  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ

์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ •๋„ ์ฆ‰, ์ธต์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(100nm์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค) ๋˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

4.3 ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ

์—ํญ์‹œ/๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก(70wt%) ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1ร—50~150nm์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž…์ž์™€ ์—ํญ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2018๋…„๋„ ์ค‘๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฐ• ์žฌ ์ค€ (Park Jae-Jun)
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1985๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์‚ฌ

1987๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ

1993๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ

1997๋…„~ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜

E-mail : jjpark@joongbu.ac.kr