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  1. (Dept. of Information Control Engineering, Hoseo University, Korea)
  2. (Dept. of Digital Control Engineering, Hoseo University, Korea)



Hysteresis motor, Hysteresis motor dynamic analysis, Inverse Preisach model, Hunting, Eddy-current effect

1. ์„œ๋ก 

ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์†์‹ค๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ† ํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋™๊ธฐ์†๋„๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— DTG์™€ ์›์‹ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ์†Œํ˜• ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํšŒ์ „์ž B-HํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ธฐ๋™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ๋„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„์€ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ[1]๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ[2]๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ง์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„[3]์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‘์šฉํ•œ, B์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ H๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹œ์˜ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ ์ „์•• ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ธฐ์ง„์ž…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„๋Š” ํƒ€์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง ๋‚ด์— ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„ ์ง„์ž… ํ›„์— ํ—ŒํŒ… ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†๋„, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ, ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•

2.1 Halvaei Niasar ๋ชจ๋ธ

Halvaei Niasar ๋ชจ๋ธ[1]์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[4]. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ง์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ํ† ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ† ํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ dq๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of dq transformed dynamic model for the hysteresis motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig1.png

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๊ณ [2], ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.

2.2 Nitao ๋ชจ๋ธ

Nitao์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•[2]๋Š” ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. Nitao ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of Nitaoโ€™s model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2์˜ $V _{s}$๋Š” ์ƒ ์ „์••, $I _{s}$๋Š” ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜, $I _{m}$์€ ์žํ™” ์ „๋ฅ˜, $I _{r}$์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ „๋ฅ˜, $R _{e}$๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ง์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ, $s$๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‹(2), ์‹(3)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋œ๋‹ค[2].

(1)
$L _ { m } = \frac { 2 m K _ { w } ^ { - 2 } N _ { w } ^ { 2 } \mu _ { 0 } r _ { g } l } { \pi p ^ { 2 } l _ { g } }$

(2)
$R _ { h } = \omega _ { b } \frac { m K _ { w } ^ { 2 } N _ { w } ^ { 2 } V _ { r } \mu } { \pi ^ { 2 } r _ { r } ^ { 2 } } \sin \delta$

(3)
$L _ { h } = \frac { m K _ { w } ^ { 2 } N _ { w } ^ { 2 } V _ { r } \mu } { \pi ^ { 2 } r _ { r } ^ { 2 } } \cos \delta$

์œ„ ์‹(1), ์‹(2), ์‹(3)์—์„œ m์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜, $K _{w}$์€ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, $N _{w}$์€ ์ƒ๋‹น ํ„ด ์ˆ˜, $r _{g}$๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ, $l$์€ ๋กœํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋‘๊ป˜, $p$๋Š” ๊ทน ์ง์ˆ˜, $l _{g}$๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ํญ, $\omega _{b}$๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์†๋„, $V _{r}$์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ง ์ฒด์ , $\mu = \mu _{r} \mu _{0}$๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ง ํˆฌ์ž์œจ, $r _{r}$์€ ๋ง์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ, $\delta $๋Š” B-H์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ์‹(4), ์‹(5)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

(4)
$R _ { r } = \frac { 1 } { 1 / R _ { h } + s / R _ { e } }$

(5)
$Z _ { r } = R _ { r } + j \omega _ { b } L _ { h r }$

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2์˜ $R _{e}$๋Š” ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ง์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ ํ•ด์„

๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์„ฑ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์„์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„์™€ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฃจํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3์€ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค[8].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฃจํ”„

Fig. 3. Hysteresis major and minor loops

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig3.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์—๋ฒ„๋ ก ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[5]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—๋ฒ„๋ ก ํ‰๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5์—์„œ ์‹ค์„ ์€ ์‹ค์ธก๋œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„, ํŒŒ์„ ์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์—๋ฒ„๋ ก ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”

Fig. 4. Created Everett table

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์‹ค์ธก๋œ ๋ฉ”์ด์ € ๋ฃจํ”„์™€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 5. Comparison of simulation with measured loop

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig5.png

ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” B์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ H๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ(Inverse Preisach) ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค[6,7]. ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ์†๋„์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ˆœ์„œ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค[8]. ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์•• $V _{s}$์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์† $\Phi $๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ B๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ B๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ H์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์œจ๊ณผ B-H์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ž ์ „์••์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋œ๋‹ค[5,8,9]. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ์€ 0์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ ํ•ด์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 6. Static state analysis algorithm of hysteresis motor using inverse Preisach model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 7. Improved hysteresis motor equivalent circuit

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig7.png

์ดํ›„ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์‹œ ์ž์† $\Phi $๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ž์ „์••์ด ๋™์ผํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฃจํ”„๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ํƒ€์› ๋ฃจํ”„๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™” ๋œ๋‹ค[9]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„(์‹ค์„ )์™€ ํƒ€์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™”๋œ ๋ฃจํ”„(์ ์„ )๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[8]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9๋Š” ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ B์™€ H๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„์™€ ํƒ€์› ๊ทผ์‚ฌ ๋ฃจํ”„

Fig. 8. Hysteresis and equivalent elliptic loop

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ณ„์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„

Fig. 9. Magnetic intensity and flux density for time

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9์—์„œ H๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์งˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹(6), ์‹(7)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฉด์ ์€ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๋ถ„์ด 0์ด ๋˜์–ด ์‹(7), ์‹(8)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํƒ€์›์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฃจํ”„ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒ€์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™”๋œ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž… ํ›„ B-H ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ€์›์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.

(6)
$H = \sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { \infty } H _ { 1 } \cos \left( k t + \alpha _ { k } \right)$

(7)
$B = B _ { m } \cos \theta$

(8)
$H = \frac { B _ { m } } { \mu } \cos ( \theta + \delta )$

4. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•

ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž๋Š” $R _{h}$์™€ $L _{h}$๋กœ ์‹(2), ์‹(3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค[2]. ๋˜ํ•œ $R _{e} /s$ํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žํ™” ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค[4]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹(9), ์‹(10), ์‹(11)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค[8].

(9)
$\dot { Z } _ { h } = R _ { h } + j \omega L _ { h }$

(10)
$\dot { Z } _ { r } = \frac { 1 } { 1 / \dot { Z } _ { h } + s / R _ { e } }$

(11)
$\dot { Z } = \dot { Z } _ { s } + \frac { 1 } { 1 / \dot { Z } _ { g } + 1 / \dot { Z } _ { r } }$

์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜• 3์ƒ ์ „์••์€ dq๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ›„ ์‹(12)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณต์†Œ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

(12)
$\dot { V } = v _ { d s } + j v _ { q s }$

์ „์ฒด ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹(13), ์‹(14)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

(13)
$\dot { E } _ { s } = \dot { V } - \dot { Z } _ { s } \dot { I } _ { s }$

(14)
$\dot { I } _ { r } = \dot { E } _ { s } / \dot { Z } _ { r }$

ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์‹(15)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ฒด์ ์— ๋น„๋ก€ ํ•œ๋‹ค[7].

(15)
$T _ { e } = \frac { p V _ { r } B _ { m } ^ { 2 } } { 2 \mu } \sin \delta = \frac { p V _ { r } S _ { H } } { 2 \pi }$

์‹(15)์˜ $S _{H}$์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ $T _{e}$๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹(16)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹ค[2].

(16)
$T _ { e } = \left( \frac { m } { 2 } \right) \left( \frac { P } { 2 } \right) L _ { m } \left| \dot { I } _ { r } \right| \left| \dot { I } _ { m } \right| \sin \delta$

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํ† ํฌ๋Š” ์‹(16)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, B-H์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ , ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ B-H ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž… ํ›„ ํ—ŒํŒ… ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๋ฃจํ”„์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค[8]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10์—์„œ ์‹ค์„  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ $V _{dq}$๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜• 3์ƒ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „์••์„ $v _{ds}$, $v _{qs}$๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์‹(12)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณต์†Œ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํ•ด์„์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์„  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „ ์†๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ธ”๋ก๋„

Fig. 10. Block diagram of analysis model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ธ”๋ก๋„

Fig. 11. Block diagram of hysteresis motor dynamic analysis model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig11.png

์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹(17)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ’€์–ด ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํšŒ์ „ ์ž๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์†๋„์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ฐ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์ด ์‹(18)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋œ๋‹ค[2].

(17)
$T _ { e } - T _ { L } = J \left( \frac { 2 } { P } \right) \frac { d \omega _ { r } } { d t }$

(18)
$\frac { d \delta } { d t } = \left( \frac { 2 } { P } \right) \left( \omega _ { b } - \omega _ { r } \right)$

๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹(16)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด $\delta $ํ•ญ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

5. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•(FEM)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ FEM์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด FEM ํ•ด์„ ํˆด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žํ™” ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ $V_{r ms}$=15V, 640Hz์˜ ํ‰ํ˜• 3์ƒ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์–‘

Table 1. Hysteresis motor specification

๊ตฌ๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ [Hz]

์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์•• [$V_{r ms}$]

์ƒ๋‹น ํ„ด์ˆ˜

๊ทน์ˆ˜

๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ƒ ์ €ํ•ญ[$\Omega$]

๋ˆ„์„ค ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค [mH]

์žํ™” ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค [mH]

๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

์Šฌ๋กฏ ์ˆ˜

๋ง ๋‘๊ป˜ [mm]

640

15

128

4

1.87

18.5

10.1

9.5E-7

24

7.2

์•„๋ž˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋“ค์—์„œ ์ ์„ ์€ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ , ์‹ค์„ ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12(b)๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12(a)์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„ ์ง„์ž… ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—ŒํŒ… ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„ ์ง„์ž… ํ›„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—ŒํŒ…ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ž‘์„ ๋•Œ ๋™๊ธฐ์†๋„์— ์ข€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ํ† ํฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

Fig. 12. Speed simulation of the hysteresis motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig12.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

Fig. 13. Developed torque simulation of hysteresis motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14๋Š” ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค B-H ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ (2), (3)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ํฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์‹ค์„  ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ž‘์•„ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 14. Load angle variation of the hysteresis motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ „๋ฅ˜ $I _{r}$ ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig. 15. Rotor current $I _{r}$ waveform of hysteresis motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.262/fig15.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16์€ Nitao ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16(a)์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16(b)๋Š” ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํด ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ํ† ํฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ 0~5์ดˆ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์„ ์€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์„ ์€ Nitao ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ํด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ํ—ŒํŒ… ๋•Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16(b)์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋™ ๋•Œ์— ํŠนํžˆ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์•„์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ํ† ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16(b)์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด Nitao ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 16. Comparison of generated torque between existing and improved models

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6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•ด์„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์„œ์•ผ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์—ญ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋™์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž… ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋™์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž… ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ† ํฌ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ, ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹ค์ธก์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง„์ž…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์žํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(2017R1A2B4008087)

References

1 
Halvaei Niasar A., Ghanbari A., PirZadeh A., May 10-12, 2016, An Improved Analytical Dynamic Modeling of Hysteresis Motor, in Proceedings of the 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)Google Search
2 
Nitao J. E., Scharlemann T., Kirkendall B. A., 2009, Equivalent circuit modeling of hysteresis motors, U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Report no. LLNL-TR-416493DOI
3 
Kim Hyeoung-Seob, Hong Sun-Ki, 2018. 7., Analysis Characteristic of Starting and Steady State According to Rotor Material of Hysteresis Motor, KIEE Summer Conference, 0568. BO. 004. 133, pp. 11-13Google Search
4 
CHEE-MUN ONG , 1998, Dynamic Simulation of Electric Machinery Using MATLAB/SIMULINK, Prentice Hall, New JerseyGoogle Search
5 
Kim Hyeoung-Seob, Hong Sun-Ki, 2017, Everett Function Formulation Using Minor Loops and Magnetization-dependent Model and Hysteresis Characteristics Simulation, KIEE, Vol. 66, No. 12Google Search
6 
Bi S., Wolf F., Lerch R., Nov. 2014, An Inverted Preisach Model With Analytical Weight Function and Its Numerical Discrete Furmulation, IEEE Trans. on Mag., ASN.7300904, Vol. 50, No. 11Google Search
7 
Davino Daniele, Giustiniani Alessandro, Visone Ciro, 2008, Fast Inverse Preisach Models in Algorithms for Static and Quasistatic Magnetic-Field Computations, IEEE Trans. on Magn., Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 862-865Google Search
8 
Kim Hyeoung-Seob, Hong Sun-Ki, 2018, Dynamic Modeling and Load Characteristics of Hysteresis Motor Using Preisach Model, 2018 21st International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) October, pp. 560-563Google Search
9 
Miyairi T. Kataoka, 1965, A basic equivalent circuit of the hysteresis motor, Elet. Engng. Japan (USA), Vol. 85, pp. 41-50Google Search

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€ ํ˜• ์„ญ (Heong-Seop Kim)
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2017๋…„ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…

2019๋…„ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ •๋ณด์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ์กธ์—…

๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํ•ด์„, ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์„, ์„œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด

ํ•œ ์ง€ ํ›ˆ (Ji-Hoon Han)
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2019๋…„ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…

2019~ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •๋ณด์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •

๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„, ์„œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด, ๋”ฅ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹, IoT

์ตœ ๋™ ์ง„ (Dong-Jin Choi)
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2019๋…„ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…

2019~ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •๋ณด์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •

๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์  ํ•ด์„, ์„œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด, ๋”ฅ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹, IoT

ํ™ ์„  ๊ธฐ (Sun-Ki Hong)
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1987๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…

1989๋…„ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์„์‚ฌ์กธ์—…

1993๋…„ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ

1993~1995 ๋ ‰์Šค์‚ฐ์ „ใˆœ ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

1995~ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜

๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํ•ด์„, ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์„, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ, ์„œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด, ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹, IoT