• ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ•™ํšŒ
Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Robot Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Korea)
  2. (Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Korea)
  3. (Dept. of Computer software Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Korea)
  4. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hankyong University, Korea)



Visualization, Power System One-Line Diagram, Auto Drawing

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” SCADA(supervisory control and data acquisition), EMS(energy management system) ๋“ฑ์ด ์šด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. EMS ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํ•ด์„, ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”(visualization) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(1-6).

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(renewable energy)์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ ์”จ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(7). ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„(one-line diagram)๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค(8-10). ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ง๊ด€์  ํŒŒ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋Š” EMS์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค(11).

๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ (power flow) ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ •(state estimation)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ์ฒด์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ(object oriented programming)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์šฉ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์ปจํˆฌ์–ด๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„์˜ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์ •๋ณด์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

EMS์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• EMS์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”์œผ๋‚˜(12-14) ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ƒ์šฉ ํˆด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ Microsoft ์‚ฌ์˜ C# ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.1 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ํˆด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , GUI(graphical user interface)์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์•ค ๋“œ๋กญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋™๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ํŽธ์ง‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ํŒŒ์ผ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ •์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์žฅ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํŠน์„ฑ

2.2.1 ๊ฐ์ฒด์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ

๊ฐ์ฒด์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ฒด์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 1. Configuration of the program

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig1.png

1) ์บก์Šํ™”

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋งŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹๋ณ„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2) ์ƒ์†

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์†๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์†Œ์Šค์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

3) ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ , ์„ ๋กœ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2.2 ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ GUI๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์— ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปจํˆฌ์–ด๋„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์„ ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์„ , ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์†ก์ „ ์„ ๋กœ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ’€๋‹ค์šด ๋ฉ”๋‰ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฉ”๋‰ดํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ’€๋‹ค์šด ๋ฉ”๋‰ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋ฅผ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ตํž ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ™๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค.

2.3 ๋ฉ”๋‰ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋ฉ”๋‰ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 2. Program menu

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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ’€-๋‹ค์šด ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 8๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŒŒ์ผ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€œFileโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด, ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—๋””ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œModeโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ์…‹์งธ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€œNetworkโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ์—๋””ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜๋Š” Bus, Line Capacitor์™€ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” Power Flow, Current, Power Injection, Voltage, Generator๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ State Estimation๊ณผ Power Flow๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” โ€œSolutionโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œResultsโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•ด์„ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” โ€œOptionsโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ์ผ๊ณฑ์งธ, ํŒŒ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“ค์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ(spread sheet) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด์ฐฝ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” โ€œCase Informationโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ IEEE format ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ PSS/E raw ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” โ€œDrawโ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Part I์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„ ํŽธ์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.

File ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„์šฉ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ตํ™˜์€ ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด์‹์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. Import Data๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด IEEE ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ PSS/E raw ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋”ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‹คํ–‰ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์—๋””ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Power Flow & State Estimation์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์šฉ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2.3.1 ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

1) ๊ฐ์ฒด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ , ์„ ๋กœ, ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™”๋ฉด์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ น์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ปค์„œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์ปค์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ขŒํด๋ฆญ ์‹œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์šฐํด๋ฆญ ์‹œ ๊ฐ์ฒด ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋œ๋‹ค.

2) ๊ฐ์ฒด ์‚ญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ญ์ œ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ขŒํด๋ฆญ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ โ€˜Deleteโ€™ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œ๋œ๋‹ค.

3) ๊ฐ์ฒด ์ด๋™ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋™์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ขŒํด๋ฆญ ์‹œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์ขŒํด๋ฆญ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์ปค์„œ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ™”๋ฉด๋ถ€์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•€์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์•ค ๋“œ๋กญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ชจ์„ ์— ์ ‘์†๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Fig. 3. Rotating function of the objects

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig3.png

๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ์œ„์น˜์ด๋‹ค(7). ๋ชจ์„  ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์„ ๋กœ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค.

์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Network ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ Bus๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„, ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ, ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”๋ฉด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ œํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์šฉ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ๋ชจ์„  ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ

Fig. 4. Window for bus data information

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๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž™๋ชจ์„ (slack bus), ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ์„ (PV bus) ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ์„ (PQ bus)์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์Šฌ๋ž™๋ชจ์„ ์€ B_1 ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋ชจ์„ ์€ B_2 ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๋‘์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ์„ ์€ B_3 ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

Fig. 5. Bus types with colors

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์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์„ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ๋กœ์™€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์„ ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Network ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ Line์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ์„ ๋“ค์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘์†์ (connection point)์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ ‘์†์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 20๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ‘์†์  ์ค‘ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด B_1๊ณผ B_2 ๋ชจ์„ ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์‹ค์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ , B_3๊ณผ B_4 ๋ชจ์„ ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์‹ค์„  ์œ„์— ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ ‘์†์ 

Fig. 6. Connection points of the bus

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

Fig. 7. Types of the lines

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๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์‹œ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตด๊ณก์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ • ์‹œ ๊ตด๊ณก์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ (knee point)์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ ์œ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์„ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์•ค ๋“œ๋กญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์„ ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ

Fig. 8. Window for line data information

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ

Fig. 9. Knee points

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์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์†ก์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ(shunt capacitor)๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋กœ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ(shunt reactor)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์„ค๋น„(shunt device)๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Capacitor ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ์„ ์— ์ ‘์†๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ์™€ ๋ถ„๋กœ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์˜ B_2 ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ ‘์†์ ์— ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •(+)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋กœ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ

Fig. 10. Shunt capacitor

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์„ค๋น„ ์ƒํƒœ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ

Fig. 11. Window for shunt devices information

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์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” SCADA์˜ ๋ชจ์„  ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฃผ์ž… ์ „๋ ฅ, ์„ ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ PMU ์ธก์ •๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” IEEE 14 ๋ชจ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. B_1๊ณผ B_7๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ์„ ์€ ์ฃผ์ž… ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. B_2์™€ B_6, B_9 ๋ชจ์„ ์€ PMU ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. B_11๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ์„ ์€ ๋ชจ์„  ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. $P_{4-5}$, $P_{6-11}$, $P_{12-13}$์€ ์„ ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. IEEE 14๋ชจ์„  ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‹จ์„ ๋„

Fig. 12. One line diagram of IEEE 14 bus system

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2.3.2 Case Information

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐฝ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์‹ค ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“ค์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค.

๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ์„ ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13๊ณผ 14 ๊ฐ™์ด ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

SE Result Summary๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์„ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. ๋ชจ์„  case information ์ƒํƒœ ์ฐฝ

Fig. 13. Window for case information of buses

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ์„ ๋กœ case information ์ƒํƒœ ์ฐฝ

Fig. 14. Window for case information of lines

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์˜ˆ

Fig. 15. Example of the log information of the program

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig15.png

2.3.3 ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ

IEEE format ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ PSS/E raw ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์› ํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์˜ X์ถ•๊ณผ Y์ถ• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์„ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„ ์—๋””ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. IEEE format ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ PSS/E raw ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ์„  ์ •๋ณด, ์„ ๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋œ์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋„ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Draw ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ Bus๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„ ์ƒ์— ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์•ค ๋“œ๋กญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™”๋ฉด์ƒ์— ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์™„์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. ๋ชจ์„  ์ˆ˜๋™ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ค์ •

Fig. 16. Manual input for the bus positions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig16.png

Draw ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ Branch๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. Draw ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์˜ Auto ์„ ํƒ ์‹œ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋กœ๋”ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ ํ™•์žฅ์ž๊ฐ€ *.loc์ธ ํŒŒ์ผ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17์€ IEEE 14 ๋ชจ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์œ„๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. IEEE 14 ๋ชจ์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ชจ์„  ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” *.loc ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ๋กœ๋“œ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ชจ์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ตœ๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ง์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž™ ๋ชจ์„ ์ธ B_1 ๋ชจ์„ ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ์„ ์ธ B_2, B_3, B_6, B_8 ๋ชจ์„ ์€ ์—ฐ๋‘์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์ธ B_4, B_5, B_7, B_9, B_10, B_11, B_12, B_13, B_14 ๋ชจ์„ ์€ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ๋“ค์„ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘์†์ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ์— ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋…์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 18์€ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 17. ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ

Fig. 17. Automatic drawing of one-line diagram

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig17.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 18. ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 18. Modified result of the automatic drawing

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/fig18.png

3. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„ ์ž๋™ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„(one-line diagram)๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„ ์ƒ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ต์œก์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒํƒœ ์ถ”์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํˆด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด์„ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์ฒด์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„์šฉ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์ถ•์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์ผ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์œ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํŒŒ์ผ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Soonchunhyang University and Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant number: R18XA06-76).

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ฐจํšจ์› (Hyo-Won Cha)
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He received his B.S. degree in Electronics and Information Engineering from Soonchunhyang University, Korea, in 2019.

He is currently a masters student at the Dept. of Electrical and Robot Engineering at Soonchunhyang University, Korea.

๊น€๋ณ‘ํ˜ธ(Byoung-Ho Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/au2.png

He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Soonchunhyang University, Korea, in 2007, 2009 and 2015, respectively.

He is currently an assistant professor at the Dept. of Electronics and Infor- mation Engineering at Soonchunhyang University, Korea.

ํ™ ๋ฏผ(Min Hong)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/au3.png

He received B.S. degree in Computer Science from Soonchunhyang University in 1995.

He received his M.S. degree in Computer Science and Ph.D. degree in Bioinformatics from the University of Colorado in 2001 and 2005, respectively.

He is a professor at the Dept. of Computer Software Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Korea.

His research interests are in Computer Graphics, Mobile Computing, Physically- based Modeling and Simulation.

๊น€๊ทœํ˜ธ (Kyu-Ho Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1295/au4.png

He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Hanyang University, Korea, in 1988, 1990 and 1996, respectively.

He is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Hankyong University, Korea.

He was a visiting scholar at Baylor University for 2011-2012.

His research interests include power system control and operation, optimal power flow and renewable energy.

๊น€ํ™๋ž˜(Hongrae Kim)
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He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Yonsei University, Korea in 1986 and 1989, respectively.

He received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, in 1995.

He is currently a professor at the Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering at Soonchunhyang University, Korea.

His research interests include power system analysis and state estimation.