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BLDC Motor, 6-pulse signal, Variable Control of the Pulse Width, PLL Circuit, Hall-Sensor

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

BLDC (Brushless DC Motor) ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์†์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ์„ ๋™๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์†๋„์™€ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž์— ์—”์ฝ”๋” (Encoder), ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„ (Resolver) ๋˜๋Š” Hall-sensor์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(1).

๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„๋‚˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ (Resolution) ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ €์† ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ณ (้ซ˜)๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์†๋„๋‚˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณต์ž‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ Micromachine๊ฐ™์€ ์ €์†์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐ€์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ์†๋„ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์€ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ํฐ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(2).

1) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธก๋ฉด

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

2) ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธก๋ฉด

์†Œํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ฐ€์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ํœด๋Œ€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ธก์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” Hall-sensor๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด Hall-sensor๋Š” ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™€ ํšจ๊ณผ (Hall effect)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ธก์— ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ 120โˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. Hall-sensor์— ์˜ํ•œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์€ ๊ณ ์†์šด์ „์—์„œ ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ ์—†์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „ํ™˜(่ฝ‰ๆ›, Commutation) ๋ฐ ์ €์† ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์†์—์„œ์˜ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ† ํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์€ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์„œ๋ณด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฐ ์žฅ์•  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณต์ž‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์†์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ณ ์†์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ† ํฌ์™€ ์†๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(3).

๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ Sensorless์— ์˜ํ•œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋™๊ณผ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ €์†์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€(ไฝŽๅƒน)์˜ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(้ซ˜ๅƒน)์˜ ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ €์†์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1) ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€, 2) 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width) ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, 3) ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(4~6)

2.1 Hall sensor ์ด์šฉํ•œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœ

BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜ํŒ๋ณ„์šฉ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€(ไฝŽๅƒน)์˜ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(้ซ˜ๅƒน)์˜ ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Hall sensor๋Š” 120โˆ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ 60โˆ˜์”ฉ ๊ต์ฐจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ€ (rising edge)์™€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๋ถ€ (falling edge) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ 60โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 120โˆ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ 74LS123 (Dual Retriggerable Monostable Multivibrator)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 60โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ๊ด€๊ณ„

Fig. 1 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse relationship

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ํ‘œ 1 74LS123 ์ง„๋ฆฌํ‘œ

Table1 1 74LS123 Truth Table

Clear

A

B

Q

High

Low

โ†‘

โ†‘

High

โ†“

High

โ†‘

โ†‘

Low

High

โ†‘

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 74LS123์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœ ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 2 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.10.1474/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์ œ์ž‘๋œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœ ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜ํŒ๋ณ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ƒ(็›ธ)์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 74LS123์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ€์™€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•œ 74LS123์€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 60โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ (5V, 1ms/div., 30,000rpm)

Fig. 3 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.10.1474/fig3.png

Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ(resolution)์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2๊ทน BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์€ 6[ppr]๋กœ ํ‘œ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์†๋„์ œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 10[ms]์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1[ppr]์€ 1,000[rpm]์˜ ์†๋„ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ œ์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1[ms]์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 100[ms]์—์„œ๋Š” ์†๋„ ์˜ค์ฐจํญ์ด 100[rpm]์œผ๋กœ 10[ms]์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์†๋„ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 1/10 ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 Hall-sensor ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ

Table 2 Performance test of domestic PV generation system (Monitoring system)

์†๋„์ œ์–ด

์ฃผ๊ธฐ 10[ms]

์ผ ๋•Œ [ppr]

์†๋„์ œ์–ด

์ฃผ๊ธฐ 100[ms] ์ผ ๋•Œ [ppr]

์†๋„์ œ์–ด

์ฃผ๊ธฐ 1[s]

์ผ ๋•Œ [ppr]

์ดˆ๋‹น

ํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜ [rps]

๋ถ„๋‹น

ํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜ [rpm]

1

10

100

16.67

1,000

2

20

200

33.33

2,000

3

30

300

50

3,000

4

40

400

66.67

4,000

5

50

500

83.33

5,000

์ƒ๋žต

10

100

1,000

166.7

10,000

์ƒ๋žต

30

300

3,000

500

30,000

PPR : Pulse Per Revolution $\quad$ RPS : Revolution Per Sec

RPM : Revolution Per Minute

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ 10[ms] ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ŸฝํŠธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŽ„์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์นด์šดํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์‘๋‹ต์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ •์†๋„ ์šด์ „ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜ํŒ๋ณ„์šฉ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€(ไฝŽๅƒน)์˜ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(้ซ˜ๅƒน)์˜ ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Hall sensor๋Š” 120โˆ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ 60โˆ˜์”ฉ ๊ต์ฐจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ€ (rising edge)์™€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๋ถ€ (falling edge) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ 60โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 120โˆ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ Hall sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ 74LS123 (Dual Retriggerable Monostable Multivibrator)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 60โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค.

2.2 PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ (้ซ˜) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ์—”์ฝ”๋”

2.1์ ˆ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ (resolution)์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก PLL (Phase Locked Loop) ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ (้ซ˜) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ์—”์ฝ”๋” ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ๊ณ (้ซ˜) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ์—”์ฝ”๋” ๊ตฌ์„ฑํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 4 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ์ œ์ž‘๋œ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ Programmable counter์™€ BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Hall sensor์˜ ์ € (ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(้ซ˜ๅƒน)์˜ ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ์ž‘๋œ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๋ฐฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ 10๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์„ค์ • ํ›„ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 3,000rpm์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ, 6-ํŽ„์Šค, PLL์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ Hall-sensor๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ 60โˆ˜ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ 6ํŽ„์Šคร—10๊ฐœ=60๊ฐœ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 6โˆ˜ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 PLL ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 5 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.10.1474/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ freq(1) 50Hz์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ 3,000rpm ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ Hall- sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ HA์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, freq(2) 300.84Hz์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, freq(3) 3.01212kHz์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 10๋ฐฐ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ PLL ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ (3,000rpm) (1 : Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ HA, 2 : 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ, 3 : PLL ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ)

Fig. 6 Experimental control signals at 3,000rpm.

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3. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด

2์ ˆ์— ์„ค๋ช…๋œ โ€œHall sensor ์ด์šฉํ•œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœโ€๊ณผ โ€œPLLํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ (้ซ˜) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ์—”์ฝ”๋”โ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ (resolution)์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ €๊ฐ€(ไฝŽๅƒน)์˜ ๊ณ (้ซ˜)๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €์†์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width)์ด 1~2us์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

60โˆ˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ€ (rising edge)์™€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๋ถ€ (falling edge) ๊ฒ€์ถœ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 74LS123 ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 10us ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

74LS123 ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์‹œ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด EPLD (Erasable Programmable Logic Device) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)๋Š” ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ 74LS123์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ 4์ž…๋ ฅ Counter์™€ JK Flip-flop ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ EPLD์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋กœ์ง ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 4์ž…๋ ฅ Counter์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ถ€์—๋Š” 1MHz์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜ค์‹ค๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ Clock ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ A, B, C, D๋Š” Clock ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2 ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๋Š” 4์ž…๋ ฅ Counter๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ‘œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” JK Flip-flop์˜ Clock ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์ž๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” JK Flip-flop์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค์˜ duty๋ฅผ 10us ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width)์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž„์˜์˜ 13us๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 7(b)์—์„œ Clock ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ 13๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ํ›„ JK Flip-flop์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ‘œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 13us์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 6-ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ์ง ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a), 7(b)์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋กœ์งํšŒ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EPLD ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(c)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ CS1, CS2, CS3๋Š”BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ 3ms์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์ž„์˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3ms์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ(CS1, CS2, CS3)์™€ 1MHz์˜ Clock ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ duty๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•ด 13us์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ CS1, CS2, CS3 ๊ฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ EPLD ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ƒ 2๊ทน, ์ •๊ฒฉ์†๋„ 33,000rpm์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ 30,000rpm ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9~10์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 30,000rpm ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9)์™€ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์ค‘ ํŠน์ • ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10)์ด 13us์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9~10์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ฒด๋ฐฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 20๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ 5,000rpm์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด

Fig. 7 Variable control of pulse width of the proposed rotor position detection signal

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ EPLD ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 8 EPLD internal algorithm designed for proposed pulse width variable control

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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3์ ˆ โ€œ3. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ดโ€์—์„œ ์ €์†์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด๊ฑฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ € (ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ Hall-sensor๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ 60โˆ˜์”ฉ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํ•œ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ 6ํŽ„์Šคร—20๊ฐœ=120๊ฐœ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 3โˆ˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์‹œ 6-ํŽ„์Šค (2V, 2ms/div., 30,000rpm)

Fig. 9 Hall sensor signal and 6-pulse

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์ค‘ ํŠน์ • ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (2V, 5us/div., 30,000rpm)

Fig. 10 Pulse width result of expanding a specific pulse among 6-pulses

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (5,000rpm) (1 : Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ HA, 2 : 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ, 3 : PLL ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ)

Fig. 11 Results using the proposed algorithm and PLL circuit (3,000rpm) (from top to bottom: Hall sensor HA, 6-pulse signal, and PLL output signal)

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4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์‹œ ์ €๊ฐ€(ไฝŽๅƒน)์˜ Hall sensor๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์กธ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(้ซ˜ๅƒน)์˜ ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €(ไฝŽ) ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €์†์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” BLDC ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€, 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width) ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด

(1) ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

(2) 6-ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width)์ด 1~2us์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

(3) 60โˆ˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ Hall-sensor ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ€ (rising edge)์™€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๋ถ€ (falling edge) ๊ฒ€์ถœ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 74LS123 ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 10us ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ํญ (pulse width)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ PLL ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ํŽ„์Šค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(4) 74LS123 ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์‹œ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2020๋…„๋„ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ.

References

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D. C. Hanselman, 1994, Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motor Design, New York : McGraw-HillGoogle Search
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K. A. Corzine, S. D. Sudhoff, 1996, A hybrid observer for high performance brushless dc motor drives, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 318-323DOI
4 
F.Caricchi, F.Giulii Capponi, F. Crescimbini, L. Solero, 2001, Sinusoidal brushless drive with low-cost hall effect position sensors, Proc. of the IEEE PESC, Vol. 2, pp. 799-804DOI
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Yong-Ho Yoon, 2019, Three Phase BLDC Motor Driving Control System with Rotor Position Detection and Low Cost Driving Circuit, Trans. KIPE, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 376-381Google Search
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Jeong-Hoi Gu, Jang-Young Choi, 2018, Realization of Velocity of BLDC Motor Using Linear Type Hall-effect Sensor and Enhanced Differentiator, KIPE, Vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 840-845DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ •์„ฑ์ธ (Sung-In Jeong)
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2001๋…„ ๋™๊ตญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ(๊ณตํ•™์‚ฌ)

2003๋…„ ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ(๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ)

2015๋…„ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์Šˆ๋ฐ”์ดํฌ ๊ณต๋Œ€(๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)

2018๋…„~ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต IT์ž๋™์ฐจํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜