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  1. (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Korea.)



Three-phase PWM rectifier, grid condition, total harmonic distortion, dc voltage ripple

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜-์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1-4). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์™œ๊ณก (total harmonic distortion: THD), ๋†’์€ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ (pulse width modulation: PWM) ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 3์ƒ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์œ„์ƒ์ œ์–ด ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(5,6). ๋˜ํ•œ, 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(7-9). ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ œ์–ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• (Voltage Oriental Control: VOC) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(10,11). ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹จ์ผ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง๋ฅ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• (Direct Power Control: DPC) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(12). ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜-์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹จ์ผ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค[1,2,5]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์—์„œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜• ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(13-17). 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘, ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ THD ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ•œ ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— 5์ฐจ ๋ฐ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD ๊ฐ’์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋” ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ

Fig. 1. Three-phase pulsewidth modulated rectifier

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์—์„œ ina์™€ ina๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ o๋Š” ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ธก ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ upper์™€ lower ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ S, S์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ์˜ upper ๋ฐ lower ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” S, S์ด๋‹ค. S์™€ S๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ upper ์™€ lower ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(17,18). ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šคํ…(+1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šคํ…(+1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ)์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. +1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ํ•œ ์Šคํ… ๋”œ๋ ˆ์ด์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ +1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์  ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์€ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ +1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ (real power: P)๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ (reactive power: Q) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€์ ๋ถ„(proportional-integral: PI) ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 0์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘ 3์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(13-16). ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์•• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(13,15). ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด +1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. +1 ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์  ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ preselection ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ํšจ์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„์šฉ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 3์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ preselection ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(14,16). ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋  ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’, ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’, ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ DC ์ „์••, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์••์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œ ํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ VOC(conv)์™€ DPC(conv)๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์—์„œ ์ „์••๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ํ•œ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „์••๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ VOC (mod1)๊ณผ DPC(mod2)๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์˜ต์…‹ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ์ƒ์„ ํด๋žจํ•‘์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ˆ์ธก์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ VOC(mod2)์™€ DPC(mod2)๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ (a) ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• (b) ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•

Fig. 2. Control block diagram based on (a) current control (b) power control

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. a์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ (20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜• (a) 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv) (d) VOC(mod1) (e) DPC(mod1) (f) VOC(mod2) (g) DPC(mod2)

Fig. 3. Input current waveform in the grid system with the 5th harmonic component (20%) in a-phase input voltage (a) 3-phase input voltage (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv) (d) VOC(mod1) (e) DPC(mod1) (f) VOC(mod2) (g) DPC(mod2)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig3_1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig3_2.png

3. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜•์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ root mean sqare (rms) ๊ฐ’์€ 110 V, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 60 Hz, ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค 10 mH, ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•ญ 1 ฮฉ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•ญ 100 ฮฉ, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 20 kHz์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์› Chroma 61702๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋“œ (TMS320F28335)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$$ \begin{aligned} &v_{i n a}(t)=V_{m} \sin (u t)+a_{5} V_{m} \sin (5 u t) \\ &v_{i n b}(t)=V_{m} \sin \left(u t-\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)+b_{5} V_{m} \sin \left(5 u t+\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right) \\ &v_{i n c}(t)=V_{m} \sin \left(u t+\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)+c_{5} V_{m} \sin \left(5 u t-\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right) \end{aligned} $$

์‹(1)์—์„œ $a_{5},\: b_{5},\: c_{5}$์€ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ m์€ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. $\omega$๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๋Š” ์ƒ์— 20%์˜ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์™œ๊ณก๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๋ฐ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(15% ์ด์ƒ)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ THD๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ THD๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ a์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 4. Input current THD according to the magnitude of the a-phase 5th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๋Š” ์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์ด ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๋ฐ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. a์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŒŒํ˜• (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv) (c) VOC(mod1) (d) DPC(mod1) (e) VOC(mod2) (f) DPC(mod2)

Fig. 5. Ripple of the output voltage in the grid system with a-phase 5th harmonic component (20%) (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv) (c) VOC(mod1) (d) DPC(mod1) (e) VOC(mod2) (f) DPC(mod2)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig5_1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig5_2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. a์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) ํŒŒํ˜• (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

Fig. 6. FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) results of the output voltage ripple in the grid system with a-phase 5th harmonic component (20%) (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’ (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 7. Peak ripple value of the output voltage according to the magnitude of the a-phase 5th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 8. Input current THD according to the magnitude of the three-phase 5th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ, ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์™œ๊ณก์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ THD๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์„ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’ (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 9. Peak ripple value of the output voltage according to the magnitude of the three-phase 5th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ ์ƒ์— 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ (20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์™œ๊ณก๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3์ƒ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์— ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ THD๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. a์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค (a) 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv)

Fig. 10. Input current waveform in the grid system with a-phase 7th harmonic component (20%) (a) three-phase input voltage (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” ์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ปค์ง€๋งŒ, 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ a์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 11. Input current THD according to the magnitude of the a-phase 7th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. a์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ (20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํŒŒํ˜• (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

Fig. 12. Output voltage ripple and frequency spectrum in the grid system with a-phase 7th harmonic component (20%) (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig12_1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig12_2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ a์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’ (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 13. Peak ripple value of the output voltage according to the magnitude of the a-phase 7th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14๋Š” 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ, ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์™œ๊ณก์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์˜ THD๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค, 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์—์„œ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 14. Input current THD according to the magnitude of the three-phase 7th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3์ƒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’ (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 15. Peak ripple value of the output voltage according to the magnitude of the three-phase 7th harmonic component included in the grid system (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig15_1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig15_2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. a์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค (a) 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv)

Fig. 16. Input current waveform in the grid system with a-phase unbalance component (20%) (a) three-phase input voltage (b) VOC(conv) (c) DPC(conv)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig16.png

4. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 3์ƒ PWM ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ์˜ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(2)
\begin{align*} v_{"\in " a}(t)=V_{m}\sin(\omega t)+a_{un}V_{m}\sin(\omega t)\\ v_{"\in " b}(t)=V_{m}\sin(\omega t-\dfrac{2\pi}{3})+b_{un}V_{m}\sin(\omega t+\dfrac{2\pi}{3})\\ v_{"\in " c}(t)=V_{m}\sin(\omega t+\dfrac{2\pi}{3})+c_{un}V_{m}\sin(\omega t-\dfrac{2\pi}{3}) \end{align*}

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $a_{un},\: b_{un},\: c_{un}$์€ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 17. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ „์•• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 17. Input current THD according to the magnitude of the a-phase unbalanced component in an unbalanced voltage environment (a) Basic type (b) High- efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig17.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16์€ ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ 3์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ „์•• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ „์•• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(15% ์ด์ƒ)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ THD๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ, ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ THD๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 18. a์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„(20%)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

Fig. 18. Output voltage ripple waveform and frequency spectrum in the grid system with a-phase unbalance component (20%) (a) VOC(conv) (b) DPC(conv)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig18.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 18์€ ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 19๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ „์•• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 19. ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์ „์•• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ a์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๊ฐ’ (a) ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜• (b) ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•

Fig. 19. Peak ripple value of the output voltage according to the magnitude of the a-phase unbalanced component in an unbalanced voltage environment (a) Basic type (b) High-efficiency type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.6.867/fig19.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” 3์ƒ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ THD๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ•œ ์ƒ์—๋งŒ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ 3์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— 5์ฐจ ๋ฐ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ THD๊ฐ’์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ดํ˜• ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋” ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (No. 2020R1A2C1013413)๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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H.-S. Song, I.-W. Joo, K. Nam, Dec 2003, Source voltage sensorless estimation scheme for PWM rectifiers under unbalanced conditions, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 1238-1245DOI
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S. Hansen, M. Malinowski, F. Blaabjerg, M. P. Kazmierkowski, 2000, Control strategies for PWM rectifiers without line voltage sensors, in Proc. IEEE APEC, Vol. 2, pp. 832-839Google Search
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S. Kwak, J. Park, Sept 2014, Switching Strategy Based on Model Predictive Control of VSI to Obtain High Efficiency and Balanced Loss Distribution, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 4551-4567DOI
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S. Kwak, J. Park, Mar 2015, Predictive Control Method With Future Zero-Sequence Voltage to Reduce Switching Losses in Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 15581566-DOI
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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€๋™์—ฐ(Dongyeon Kim)
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Dongyeon Kim received the M.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2021.

๊ณฝ์ƒ์‹ (Sangshin Kwak)
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Sang-Shin Kwak received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, in 2005.

From 1999 to 2000, he was a Research Engineer with LG Electronics, Changwon, South Korea.

He was also with Whirlpool R&D Center, Benton Harbor, MI, USA, in 2004.

From 2005 to 2007, he was a Senior Engineer with Samsung SDI R&D Center, Yongin, South Korea.

From 2007 to 2010, he was an Assistant Professor with Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.

Since 2010, he has been with ChungAng University, Seoul, South Korea, where he is currently a Professor.

His research interests include design, modulation, and control of power converters, multilevel converters, renewable energy systems, deep learning applied power conversion, and reliability.

๊น€์žฌ์ฐฝ(Jae-Chang Kim)
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Jae-Chang Kim received the B.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2017, where he is currently pursuing the combined M.S and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronics engineering.

His research interests include control and analysis for two-level, multilevel, and matrix converters.