• ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ•™ํšŒ
Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • COPE
  • kcse
  • ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ
  • ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์ธ์šฉ์ƒ‰์ธ
  • Scopus
  • crossref
  • orcid

  1. (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Korean.)
  2. (Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO), Research Institute, Korea.)



Distributed Energy Resources(DER), Voltage Stability, Smart Inverter, DVEC, Hybrid Voltage Control

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€œ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ 3020 ์ดํ–‰๊ณ„ํšโ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์•ฝ 20%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ์„ค๋น„ 95% ์ด์ƒ์„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์žฅ๋ ค ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ‘์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „์›์ด ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค(1-2).

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ €์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3-4).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ž์›๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐํ’ˆ์งˆ ์œ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ž์› ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„  ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ†ต์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋‹จ๋…์šด์ „ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๋™์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•œ์ „์˜ ์„ค์ •์น˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์•• ์ง„๋™ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(5).

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Matlab-Simulink-OpenDSS ์—ฐ๋™ ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‹ค ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••๊ณผ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „์•• (Volt-Var Reference Voltage Point)์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” DVEC (Dynamic Voltage Error Compensation) ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์™€ DVEC ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ (Hybrid) ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด, DVEC ์ œ์–ด, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

2.1 ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ •์˜

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „์›์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, IEEE 1547-2018์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ž์œจ ์šด์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ IEC 61850-7-520์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด, Volt-Watt ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ž…๋ ฅ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์™€ ์šด์˜, ์‹œํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ, ํŒ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต์‹  ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(6).

2.2 ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž์›์„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ IEEE ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ IEEE 1547.1-2020 ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •, ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด(Fixed PF) ๋ชจ๋“œ, ์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ(Volt-Var) ๋ชจ๋“œ, ์ „์••-์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ(Volt-Watt) ๋ชจ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค(7).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด

Fig. 1. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰, ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋ฅ ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰, ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ ์ฐจ ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ €์ „์•• ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด

Fig. 2. Volt-Var Curve of Smart Inverter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig2.png

Volt-Watt ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์ „์••๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ์‹œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์ „์••์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ Volt-Watt ์ œ์–ด

Fig. 3. Volt-Watt Curve of Smart Inverter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig3.png

2.3 ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„

Fig. 4. Q-V Relationship

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig4.png

ํ‘œ 1. ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„

Table 1. Q-V Relationship of Inverter Connected Grid

์š”์†Œ

์„ค๋ช…

P, Q

์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์œ ํšจ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ

V, ฮธ

์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ

Z

์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค

E

์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „์••์›์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „์••์› ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$\begin{cases} P=\dfrac{V^{2}}{Z}\cos\phi -\dfrac{VE}{Z}\cos(\theta +\phi)\\ Q=\dfrac{V^{2}}{Z}\sin\phi -\dfrac{VE}{Z}\sin(\theta +\phi) \end{cases}$

(2)
$\begin{cases} \cos(\theta +\phi)=\dfrac{V}{E}\cos\phi -\dfrac{PZ}{VE}\\ \sin(\theta +\phi)=\sqrt{1-\cos^{2}(\theta +\phi)}=\sqrt{1-\left(\dfrac{V}{E}\cos\phi -\dfrac{PZ}{VE}\right)^{2}} \end{cases}$

(3)
$Q=\dfrac{V^{2}}{Z}\sin\phi -\dfrac{VE}{Z}\sqrt{1-(\dfrac{V}{E}\cos\phi -\dfrac{PZ}{VE})^{2}}$

์ˆ˜์‹(1)์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹(2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹(3)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‹(3)์€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(8-9).

2.4 Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

2.4.1 Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ •

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 5. Volt-Var Characteristic Curve

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig5.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ IEEE 1547-2018 Category-B ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด Category-B ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €ใ†๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•œ๋‹ค(10-12).

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด 92% ์ดํ•˜์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  106%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด 0์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(Dead Band)์€ 98โˆผ102% ๋ฒ”์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์••์˜ 92โˆผ98% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 102โˆผ106% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์••์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.4.2 ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํŒ๋ณ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „์  ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ธก์ • ์ „์•• (V0, Q0)์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด T1์—์„œ Qc1(V0)๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ธ T2=T1+ฮ”T์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„  ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Volt-Var ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๊ฐ€ Qc2(V1)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Volt-Var ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ฮ”T์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ Dead Band ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์••๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „

Fig. 6. Stable Operation of Volt-Var Control

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig6.png

์ด๋•Œ, Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ˆ˜์‹(4)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(4)
$\left | slope_{Volt-Var}\right | <\left | slope_{๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์••ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ }\right |$

ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์•ˆ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „์ ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‹(5)์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์•• ์ง„๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ์šด์ „

Fig. 7. Unstable Operation of Volt-Var Control

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig7.png

์ฆ‰, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์™€ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ์„ ์ •์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(13-14).

(5)
$\left | slope_{Volt-Var}\right | >\left | slope_{๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์••ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ }\right |$

2.5 DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••๊ณผ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „์••์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” DVEC (Dynamic Voltage Error Compensation) ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ•(Moving Average)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ์˜ ์ „, ํ›„ ์ผ์ • ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์€ 30์ดˆ, 1๋ถ„, 5๋ถ„ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „์••๊ฐ’์„ ํ‰ํ™œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „์••๊ฐ’์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „์••๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„  ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „์••๊ฐ’๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ „์•• ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „์•• ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ œํ•œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.5.1 DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„  ์„ ์ •

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. DVEC ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 8. DVEC ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ 

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig8.png

DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ฮ” Voltage ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ €์ „์••, ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$Q(V_{d {if}f})=a V_{d {if}f}+Q_{0}$

๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์‹(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ 1์ฐจ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ $a$์™€, ์ „๋ ฅ ์ ˆํŽธ $Q_{0}$์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ , ์ „์•• ์˜ค์ฐจ $V_{d {if}f}$๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ „์•• ๋ณด์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ $Q$ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ๋‹ค. DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ Dead Band๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— $Q(V_{d {if}f})$ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ $V_{d {if}f}$๊ฐ€ 0๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ Dead Band ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋™์ž‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ˆ˜์‹(7)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(7)
\begin{align*} {if} \quad V_{d {if}f}>(Ref+Dead B {and}/2),\: Q(V_{d {if}f})\\ =a_{1}V_{d {if}f}+Q_{10}\\ {if} \quad V_{d {if}f}<(Ref-Dead B {and}/2),\: Q(V_{d {if}f})\\ =a_{2}V_{d {if}f}+Q_{20}\\ Else,\: Q=0 \end{align*}

2.6 ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋„

Fig. 9. Hybrid Reactive Power Control Flow-Chart

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig9.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์™€ DVEC ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. Matlab-Simulink-OpenDSS ์—ฐ๋™ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 10. Matlab-Simulink-OpenDSS Linked Model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig10.png

๋จผ์ €, Simulink ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ Matlab์˜ COM (Component Object Model) ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ OpenDSS ํ•ด์„ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด Simulink์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก, ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋™ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ธ”๋ก์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์˜ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์•• ๊ฐ’๊ณผ Volt-Var ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์•• ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์•• ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ DVEC ๋ธ”๋ก์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์™€ DVEC ์ œ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ OpenDSS ํ•ด์„์—”์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

2.7 ์‹ค ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ์˜

2.7.1 Matlab-Simulink-OpenDSS ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ

DVEC ๋ฐ Vol-Var ์ œ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Matlab-Simulink-OpenDSS ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์ด OpenDSS ํ•ด์„ ์—”์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Table 2. Functions of Co-Simulation Model

๊ตฌ์—ญ

๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

A

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์„ค์ •

B

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ

C

DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ

D

OpenDSS ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ

E

์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง

2.7.2 Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ ์ •

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ •์ฃผ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ •์D/L์„ Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์D/L์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์„ ๋กœ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 10MVA๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ์ •์ D/L์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ์ •์ D/L์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„

Fig. 11. Single Line Diagram of Jeongeup D/L

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig11.png

ํ‘œ 3. ์ •์ D/L ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด

Table 3. Grid Data of Jeongeup D/L

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜

์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜

46๊ฐœ

9,632 [kVA]

1,199 [kVA]

2.7.3 Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด ๋ชจ์˜

๋จผ์ €, Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œ 4์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1

Table 4. Simulation Scenario 1

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

Volt-Var ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์  [P.U]

Case 1

0.98

Case 2

1.0

Case 3

1.02

Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์™€ 13์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ Volt-Var ์ „์•• ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ์ข… ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •์ ๋„ ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์„ 0.98[pu]๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ • ์—ญ๋ฅ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํ•˜ํ•œ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์  ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ํ•˜ํ•œ์— 100% ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••

Fig. 12. PCC Voltages of Scenario 1

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig12.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ

Fig. 13. Reactive Power Outputs of Scenario 1

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig13.png

2.7.4 DVEC ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด

์•ž์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๊ธฐ์กด Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด, DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5. ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2

Table 5. Simulation Scenario 2

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ

Case 1

Base Case (No Control)

Case 2

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด

Case 3

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด + DVEC ์ œ์–ด

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14์™€ 15๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Basecase์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ๋กœ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์— ์˜ํ•ด 1.0728[pu]์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Case 2์™€ 3์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์••์ด ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••

Fig. 14. PCC Voltages of Scenario 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ

Fig. 15. Reactive Power Outputs of Scenario 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/fig15.png

Case 2์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Case 3์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์••์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‘๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๋กœ ๊ณผ์ „์••์„ ํ•ด์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•œ ์ „์••๊ฐ’์ด ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ–์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด DVEC ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••๊ณผ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์••์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

DVEC ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ •์ฃผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ •์ D/L์„ Target ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Matlab/Simulink๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ DVEC ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  OpenDSS ํ•ด์„ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด์™€ DVEC ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์ •์ D/L์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋Ÿ‰์„ 100% ์ด์šฉํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, DVEC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ Volt-Var ๋‹จ์ผ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ DVEC ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด(Hierarchical Voltage Control of DER System)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant number : R20XO02-18). This work was also supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1F1A1063127).

References

1 
Minister of Trade Industry and Energy, 2017, Industry and Energyโ€™s 5th Framework Plan for Renewable Energy(2020โ€“2034), Available : http://englishmotiegokr/Google Search
2 
F Ding, DEC. 2016, Photovoltaic Impact Assessment of Smart Inverter Volt-VAR Control on Distribution System Conservation Voltage Reduction and Power Quality, NREL, Report : NREL/TP-5D00-67296DOI
3 
EPRI, DEC 31. 2020, Tailoring IEEE 1547 Recommended Smart Inverter Setting Based on Modeling Grid Performance, National Grid Solar Phase II Program Report, ProductID-3002020102Google Search
4 
EPRI, DEC 28. 2016, Common Functions for Smart Inverters: 4th Edition, ProductID-3002008217Google Search
5 
Chang-Yeop Maeng, ng-Min Jo, No-Gil Myoung, Hyeon-Jin Kim, Seong-Soo Cho, Dec 2021, Effect of Volt-Var Characteristic Curve Slope on Voltage Oscillation, The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, KIEE, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 105-113DOI
6 
M. Ingram, R. Mahmud, D. Narang, July 2021. Report : NREL/ TP-5D00-77959, Informative Background on the Interoperability Requirements in IEEE Std 1547-2018, NRELDOI
7 
SA IEEE, May 21 2020, IEEE 1547.1-2020 IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces, IEEE Std 1547.1-2005DOI
8 
EPRI, Dec 09. 2016, Analysis to Inform CA Grid Integration Rules for PV: Final Report on Inverter Settings for Transmission and Distribution System Performance, Product ID-3002008300DOI
9 
PES IEEE, Aug. 2020, Impact of IEEE 1547 Standard on Smart Inverters and the Applications in Power Systems, Report : PES-TR67r1Google Search
10 
HJ Lee, April 2020 DOI : 103390/en13092294, Optimal Parameters of Volt-Var Function in Smart Inverters for Improving System Performance, Soongsil University, Energies 2020, Vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 2294DOI
11 
EPRI, Oct 13. 2010, Specification for Smart Inverter Interactions with the Electric Grid Using International Electrotechnical Commission 61850, Product ID-1021674Google Search
12 
IEEE, 6 April 2018, 1547-2018 IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces, IEEE Std 1547-2003DOI
13 
EPRI, DEC. 2020, Federated Architectureor Distributed Energy Resources Integration, Product ID- 3002019424Google Search
14 
Wang Wenzong, Shi Xiaojie, Brewster Charles, Huque Aminul, 06 Jan 2021, Oscillation Mechanism and Setting Guideline for Inverter Volt-Var Control, 2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊ถŒ๋™์˜(Dong-Yeong Gwon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/au1.png

He received the B.S. degree in the major of electrical engineering from Daegu Catholic University in 2021.

Since 2021, he has been an M.S. student at Daegu Catholic University.

His research interests are the hierarchical control method of DERs and smart inverter control.

์ตœ์œคํ˜(Yun-Hyuk Choi)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/au2.png

He received the B.S, and Ph.D. degrees in the electrical engineering from Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 2005, and 2012, respectively.

Currently, he is an assistant professor in the school of electronic and electrical engineering at Daegu Catholic University.

His main subjects are distribution system analysis, smart inverter control and hosting capacity of renewable energy.

์‹ฌ์ค€๋ณด(Jun-Bo Sim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.4.566/au3.png

He received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Dong-Eui University in 2010 and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Pohang university of science and technology, Pohang, Korea in 2012.

He worked at Hyundai Heavy Industries Corporation Research Institute from 2012 to 2015.

Since 2015, he has worked as a senior researcher at the KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interest is DER integration in distribution system.