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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, honam University, korea )



RDR, CT, Electrical Safety, Internal Failure, PLC, Power Transformer

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘์ง€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†์ƒ๋ฐฉ์ง€, ์ธ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์–ต์ œ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋„๋ชจ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค (1). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ๋„๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ •์ง€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค (2). ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ค๋น„์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๊ทœ์ •(KEC, Korea Electro- technical Code)์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŠน๊ณ ์••์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์„คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฑ…ํฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 10,000kVA ์ด์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์„คํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ RDR์˜ ๋™์ž‘์›๋ฆฌ, ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ •์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์šด์šฉ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๊ณ ์••์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ œ์–ด์ œ์žฅ์น˜(PLC, Programmable Logic Controller) S/W๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, RDR์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ RDR ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

2.1 RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ถ„์„

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” RDR์ด ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„๋น„๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” 1์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ์ธก ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜(OCR, 51), ์ง€๋ฝ์€ ์ง€๋ฝ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜(OCGR, 51G) ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. RDR์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์ „์••์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

RDR๋Š” ์ „์••ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ˜•์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ RDR ๋ช…์นญ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ‘œ์ค€ํ•™ํšŒ(ANSI, American National Standards Institute)์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ๋ช…์นญ์ธ 87๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ช…์นญ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (3). RDR์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ž…์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ์ฐจ์™€ ์ถœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋น„๋กœ ๋™์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค (4). ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ(87T), ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ(87G), ๋ชจ์„ (87B), ์ „๋™๊ธฐ(87M) ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋™์ž‘์€ ์–ต์ œ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๋™์ž‘์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ถ€์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ˜• ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ํ›„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™์ž‘์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด CT๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ Y-Y๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••, ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„(Angular displacement) ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์— ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ CT ๋ฏธ์Šค๋งค์นญ(Mismatch)๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰์„ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ์ธก์— CT๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ RDR์˜ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 RDR์˜ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„

Fig. 1 Operation zone of RDR

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig1.png

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ CT ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ˜• ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ „์••, 2์ฐจ ์ „์••, 1์ฐจ CT๋น„, 2์ฐจ CT๋น„, ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„, ๊ณต๋™์„ค์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ, ์ˆœ์‹œ ๋ฐ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ (Knee point), ์˜์ƒ๋ถ„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ๊ฑฐ, ์ œ2๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์–ต์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ œ2๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ ์„ค์ •์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ค์ •์ •, ์˜ค๊ฒฐ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„ Ydl์„ Yd11๋กœ ์ •์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” Yd11์„ Yd1๋กœ ์ •์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ 0ยฐ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 60ยฐ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜ 1์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ CT๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(K-L, L-K)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ณ€์••๋น„, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ, CT 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ์ •๊ฒฉ๋น„ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” RDR์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๊ณ  ํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š” CT 2์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋‹จ๋ฝ, ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ๋ฝ, ์ง€๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 RDR์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„

Fig. 2 Current flow in RDR

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2.2 RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„  ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

RDR์˜ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ€€์Šค ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—๋งŒ RDR์ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ขŒํ‘œํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ Y์ธก์€ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ $I_{d}=\left |\dot I_{1}+\dot I_{2}\right |$, X์ธก์€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ $I_{r}=\left | I_{1}\right | +\left | I_{2}\right |$, Y์ถ•๊ณผ X์ถ• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ $Slpoe 1(a_{1})$, $Slpoe 2(a_{2})$์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋™์ž‘ ์œ ยท๋ฌด ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ขŒํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ง€์  P1$(x_{1},\: y_{1})$, P2$(x_{2},\: y_{2})$, P3$(x_{3},\: y_{3})$ ์„ ์ •, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ $Slpoe 1(a_{1})$๊ณผ $Slpoe 2(a_{2})$์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ $(Knee)$์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์„ ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ ์„ ๊ณผ ํŒŒ์„ ๊ณผ 1์  ์‡„์„ ์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 3 Improved protection relay operation characteristic curve of protection coordination operation plan

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 4 Improved Algorithm to Prevent Malfunctions

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../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig4-2.png

[STEP 1] ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ RDR๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋‹จ์„  ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† , RDR์˜ ๋ณ€์••๋น„, CT๋น„, ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 2] CT์˜ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, CT์˜ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(K-L)์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์›์ธก์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 2์ฐจ์ธก ๋˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 3์ฐจ์ธก CT์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  CT์˜ ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(L-K)์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์›์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 2์ฐจ์ธก ๋˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ์ธก CT์˜ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 3] ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜($I_{N}$), CT ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ•˜ 1.25โˆผ1.5๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜, ๋™๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋„๋ถ€ํ•˜ 2โˆผ2.5๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 4] CT ์„ ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 1์ฐจ CT, 2์ฐจ CT, 3์ฐจ CT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 5] CT ๋น„์œจ์˜ค์ฐจ, CT๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋ฅ , ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ์ฒด์ธ์ € ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ค์ฐจ, ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ CT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set, $I_{d1}>$)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ CT๋Š” ๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜(K) ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ (1)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ CT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set, $I_{d2}>$)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 1์ฐจ CT์™€ 3์ฐจ CT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ 3์ฐจ CT ๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜(K) ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ (2)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(1)
\begin{align} CT 2์ฐจ์ธก I_{d}>(ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜)= 0.3I_{N}\\ 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •(K)\\ K(๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜)=\dfrac{2์ฐจ ์ „์••\times 2์ฐจ CT๋น„}{1์ฐจ ์ „์••\times 1์ฐจ CT๋น„}\\ CT 2์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜ =\dfrac{CT 1์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜}{K} \end{align}

(2)
\begin{align} CT 3์ฐจ์ธก I_{d}>(ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜)= 0.3I_{N}\\ 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •(K)\\ K(๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜)=\dfrac{3์ฐจ ์ „์••\times 3์ฐจ CT๋น„}{1์ฐจ ์ „์••\times 1์ฐจ CT๋น„}\\ CT 3์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜ =\dfrac{CT 1์ฐจ์ธก ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜}{K} \end{align}

[STEP 6] ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ RDR์˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ’์— 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ 85%, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ 90% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด์Œ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋“ฑ(LED 1, LED 2) ๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ž์— ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ์‹œ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋™์šฉ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋ฐ LED ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 7]๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 2]๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ CT ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 7] ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ, ํฌํ•จ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์ •์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 8]๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 4]๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์žฌ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 8] ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ •์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์‹œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜(High set, $I_{d}\gg$)๋Š” ์‹ (3)์„ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(3)
$I_{d}\gg(์ˆœ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜)= 10 I_{N}$

[STEP 9] ํฐ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋Œ์ž…์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฅ˜(High set, $I_{d}\gg$)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ, ํฌํ•จ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ[STEP 10]๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 8]๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 10] ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜($I_{d}$)์™€ CT ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  RDR์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜($I_{r}$)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋™์ž‘ ์œ ยท๋ฌด ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ขŒํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ง€์  P1$(x_{1},\: y_{1})$, P2$(x_{2},\: y_{2})$, P3$(x_{3},\: y_{3})$ ์„ ์ •, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ Slope 1์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋ง๋‹จ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ •์ •, Slope 2๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ณก์  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋™์ž‘์˜์—ญ(Operation zone)์œผ๋กœ ์‹ (4), ์‹ (5)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ (6)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ Y์ถ•๊ณผ X์ถ• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์ธ Slope 1๊ณผ Slope 2์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ (Knee)์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜($I_{d}$)์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜($I_{r}$) ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope 1, Slope 2)์€ ์‹ (7), ์‹ (8)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(4)
\begin{align} 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ๊ฐ„ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1(a_{1})\\ 40\%=\dfrac{I_{d}}{I_{r}}=\dfrac{I_{1}-k I_{2}=y_{1}}{I_{1}+k I_{2}=x_{1}}\\ P_{1}์ \Rightarrow y_{1}= a_{1}x_{1},\: b ์ \Rightarrow y_{1}= y_{2}\Rightarrow a_{1}x_{1}= a_{2}x_{2}+ b\\ P_{2}์ \Rightarrow y_{2}= a_{2}x_{2}+b \end{align}

(5)
\begin{align} 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ๊ฐ„ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1(a_{1})\\ 40\%=\dfrac{I_{d}}{I_{r}}=\dfrac{I_{1}-k I_{3}=y_{1}}{I_{1}+k I_{3}=x_{1}}\\ P_{1}์ \Rightarrow y_{1}= a_{1}x_{1},\: b ์ \Rightarrow y_{1}= y_{2}\Rightarrow a_{1}x_{1}=a_{2}x_{2}+b\\ P_{2}์ \Rightarrow y_{2}= a_{2}x_{2}+b \end{align}

(6)
\begin{align} ๋ณ€๊ณก์ (Knee p\oint)์€ ๋™์ž‘๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ1(a_{1}),\: \\ ๋™์ž‘๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2(a_{2})๊ต์ฐจ์ (P_{2})\\ P_{2}์ \Rightarrow y_{2}= a_{2}x_{2}+ b \end{align}

(7)
\begin{align} 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2(a_{2})\\ 80\%=\dfrac{I_{d}}{I_{r}}=\dfrac{I_{1}-k I_{2}=y_{3}}{I_{1}+k I_{2}=x_{3}},\: P_{3}์ \Rightarrow y_{3}=a_{2}x_{3}+ b \end{align}

(8)
\begin{align} 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ๊ฐ„ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2(a_{2})\\ 80\%=\dfrac{I_{d}}{I_{r}}=\dfrac{I_{1}-k I_{3}=y_{3}}{I_{1}+k I_{3}=x_{3}},\: P_{3}์ \Rightarrow y_{3}=a_{2}x_{3}+ b \end{align}

[STEP 11] ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ RDR์˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ์˜์—ญ(Restraining zone)์—์„œ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ’์— 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ 85%, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ 90% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฐœ์ƒ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ ๋“ฑํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜(LED 1, LED 2) ๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ž์— ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ์‹œ์‹ค์— ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฐœ์ƒ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 12]๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 2]๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ CT ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 12] RDR์˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ 1, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ , ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ 2๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 13] ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ RDR ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ , ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ •์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

[STEP 14] ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ •์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 15]๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ ์žฌ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 15] ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ , ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ •์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [STEP 16]์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ ์žฌ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

[STEP 16] ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž…์‹œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋Œ์ž…์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋น„์œจ์ฐจ๋™์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๋Œ์ž…์ „๋ฅ˜์–ต์ œ(Transient inrush current inhibit)๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ (9)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

(9)
\begin{align} F_{2}: 15\% ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ\\ I_{1}=์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’A,\: 60H_{Z}๊ธฐ์ค€\\ I_{2}= I_{1}\times 0.15 = ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’A,\: 120H_{Z} \end{align}

[STEP 17] CT ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ๊ณผ์ „์••์šด์ „, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ, ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ ์ฒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋ฝ, ๊ณ ยท์ €์•• ๊ถŒ์„ ํ˜ผ์ด‰, ๊ถŒ์„  ๋‹จ์„ , ๋ถ€์‹ฑ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰, ํƒญ ์ ˆํ™˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์— ์ •๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

STEP 1~17๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ฐจํŠธ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3. ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

์ž…ยท์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” PLC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ RDR ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠธ๋ฆฝ๋กœ์ง(Trip logic) ๋ฐ ์‹œํ€€์Šค(Sequence)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Trip relay๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  I/O์ ‘์ ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ „์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ Logic์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šด์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ„์ „์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” PLC์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์ž‘, ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ก ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ€€์Šค๋„ PLC๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. PLC ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ PLC ์šด์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ XG-5000(XGP ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํˆด)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด RDR ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ PLC ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 RDR ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ PLC ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„

Fig. 5 PLC programming design of RDR protection coordination operation algorithm

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(a)๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ์ค‘์š”๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ž˜๋”๋„(Ladder diagram), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(b)๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด€๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(c)๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ ‘์  ์ค‘ R87T_HA, HB, HC๋Š” ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฅ˜, R87T_LA, LB, LC๋Š” ํ•œ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฅ˜, OP_ CONFIRM์€ PLC ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์ ‘์ , RDR์„ DFR๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ DFR_OP๋Š” PLC ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋™๋ณ€์ˆ˜, CB1์€ Close, CB2๋Š” Open, ํŠน์ˆ˜๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด F๋Š” PLC์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ƒํƒœ, ํŽ„์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ PLC ์ด์ƒ ์ฒดํฌ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, T๋Š” Timer๋กœ TON์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ์–ด(10S) ์œ ์ง€, R87T_A_85, 90์€ A, B, C์ƒ์˜ 85%, 90% ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ ‘์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. DFR_F๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” F์ ‘์ ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋ฐœ์ƒ์žฅ์น˜ BZX ๊ฒฝ๋ณด(10S) ์œ ์ง€, ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ ‘์  D(Data register)๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, VD_ LED 1, 2, 3์€ ๋™์ž‘ํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค (5).

4. RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 3๊ถŒ์„  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ Y0y0d1(1์ฐจ ๊ฒฐ์„  Y, 2์ฐจ Y, 3์ฐจโ–ณ)์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์›๋ถ€, ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(a)์€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(b)์€ ์™ธ๊ด€๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(c)์€ ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 RDR ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 6 Configuration diagram of RDR characteristic test device

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5. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

5.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „์š”์†Œ ์„ค์ • ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์š”์†Œ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์™€ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํ™•์ธ, ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ(Vector diagram)์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฉ”๋‰ด

Fig. 7 Setting menu of multifunction digital protection relay

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ํ‘œ 1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 1 Characteristics of simulation and test conditions

Division

Items

Setting values

Transformer

Winding

3-Winding

Primary rating[V]

154,000

Secondary rating[V]

22,900

Tertiary rating[V]

6,600

Wiring of 1st and 2nd windings

Yy0

Wiring of 1st and 3rd windings

Yd1

CT ratio

1st Winding CT[A]

150 / 5

2nd Winding CT[A]

1,000 / 5

3rd Winding CT[A]

1,500 / 5

Ratio differential relay(87T)

High set

Use

Pick-up[A]

40

Time delay[s]

0.05

Low set

Use

Pick-up[A]

1.25

Time delay[s]

0.05

Ratio differential relay(87T)

Slope #1 %

40

Slope #2 %

80

Knee point[A]

25.0

Io elimination

Not use

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š”์‹ (10)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ CT๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(10)
\begin{align} I_{1}=\dfrac{30\times 10^{3}}{\sqrt{3}\times 154}=112.47\to 150/5[A]\\ I_{2}=\dfrac{20\times 10^{3}}{\sqrt{3}\times 22.9}=504.25\to 1000/5[A]\\ I_{3}=\dfrac{10\times 10^{3}}{\sqrt{3}\times 6.6}=874.8\to 1500/5[A] \end{align}

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set)๋Š” ์‹ (1)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” $I_{A},\: I_{B},\: I_{C}$ ์ด๋ฉฐ, 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” $I_{a},\: I_{b},\: I_{c}$ ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜

Table 2 Low difference current between 1st and 2nd windings of transformer

Items

Phase current

Set current[A]

Angle[ยฐ]

Frequency[ใŽ]

Low

set 1

$I_{A}$

1.25

0

60

$I_{B}$

1.25

-120

60

$I_{C}$

1.25

120

60

Low

set 2

$I_{a}$

1.26

0

60

$I_{b}$

1.26

-120

60

$I_{c}$

1.26

120

60

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‹ (2)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ˆœ์‹œ์— ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์‹œ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‹ (3)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 40A๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ (Slope), ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์€ Slope 1๊ณผ Slope 2๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ์‹ (4)๊ณผ ์‹ (7)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜

Table 3 Low difference current between 1st and 3rd windings of transformer

Items

Phase current

Set current[A]

Angle[ยฐ]

Frequency[ใŽ]

Low set 1

$I_{A}$

1.25

0

60

$I_{B}$

1.25

-120

60

$I_{C}$

1.25

120

60

Low set 2

$I_{a}$

2.9165

0

60

$I_{b}$

2.9165

-120

60

$I_{c}$

2.9165

120

60

ํ‘œ 4 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1-2์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope 1, Slope 2)์˜ ์„ค์ •

Table 4 Setting of transformer 1-2 slope ratio characteristic(Slope 1, Slope 2)

Items

Phase current

Set current[A]

Angle[ยฐ]

Frequency[ใŽ]

Slope 1

$I_{A}$

10.499

0

60

$I_{B}$

10.499

-120

60

$I_{C}$

10.499

120

60

$I_{a}$

4.539

0

60

$I_{b}$

4.539

-120

60

$I_{c}$

4.539

120

60

Slope 2

$I_{A}$

26.50

0

60

$I_{B}$

26.50

-120

60

$I_{C}$

26.50

120

60

$I_{a}$

8.574

0

60

$I_{b}$

8.574

-120

60

$I_{c}$

8.574

120

60

๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‹ (5)๊ณผ ์‹ (8)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1-3์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope 1, Slope 2)์˜ ์„ค์ •

Table 5 Setting of transformer 1-3 slope ratio characteristic(Slope 1, Slope 2)

Items

Phase current

Set current[A]

Angle[ยฐ]

Frequency[ใŽ]

Slope 1

$I_{A}$

10.499

0

60

$I_{B}$

10.499

-120

60

$I_{C}$

10.499

120

60

$I_{a}$

4.539

-30

60

$I_{b}$

4.539

-150

60

$I_{c}$

4.539

90

60

Slope 2

$I_{A}$

26.50

0

60

$I_{B}$

26.50

-120

60

$I_{C}$

26.50

120

60

$I_{a}$

19.832

-30

60

$I_{b}$

19.832

-150

60

$I_{c}$

19.832

90

60

5.2 PLC ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

5.2.1 ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

RDR์˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set) ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(a)์€ 85% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ RDR์„ DFR_F์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์  D004 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  R87T_A_85, R87T_B_85, R87T_C_85์˜ 85% ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์  D007, D009, D0011 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋™์ž‘, VD_LED 1์ด ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(b)์€ 90%๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ R87T_A_90, R87T_B_90, R87T_C_90์˜ 90% ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์  D008, D0010, D0012 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋™์ž‘, VD_LED 2์ด ๋ฐœ๊ด‘, BZX ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด D004 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set) ๋™์ž‘

Fig. 8 Minimum set current operation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig8.png

5.2.2 ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

๋น„์œจ์ฐจ๋™๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope) ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope) ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(a)๋Š” 85% ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ R87T_A_85, R87T_B_85, R87T_C_85์˜ 85% ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์  D007, D009, D0011 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋™์ž‘, VD_LED 1์ด ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(b)์€ 90%๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ R87T_A_90, R87T_B_90, R87T_C_90์˜ 90% ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์  D008, D0010, D0012 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ VD_LED 2์ด ๋ฐœ๊ด‘, BZX ์ž…๋ ฅ์ ‘์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด D004 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ(Slope set) ๋™์ž‘

Fig. 9 Slope set operation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig9.png

5.3 ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

5.3.1 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

PLC ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ฐจ๋™๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set)์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10๊ณผ ํ‘œ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ •๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 6 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

Table 6 1st and 2nd Winding minimum operating current data

Items

Winding

Set current[A]

85%

90%

I[A]

(Applied

current)

A

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

2nd

1.260

1.071

1.134

B

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

2nd

1.260

1.071

1.134

C

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

2nd

1.260

1.071

1.134

Id[A]

(Differential current)

A

1st

1.251

1.064

1.127

2nd

1.252

1.064

1.127

B

1st

1.253

1.065

1.129

2nd

1.255

1.067

1.129

C

1st

1.252

1.064

1.128

2nd

1.252

1.065

1.127

Id[A]

(Differential current digital data)

A

1st

1.251

1.064

1.127

2nd

1.253

1.064

1.127

B

1st

1.253

1.065

1.129

2nd

1.255

1.067

1.129

C

1st

1.251

1.064

1.128

2nd

1.252

1.065

1.127

Ir[A]

(Resistance current

digital data)

A

1st

1.251

1.064

1.127

2nd

1.253

1.064

1.127

B

1st

1.253

1.065

1.129

2nd

1.255

1.067

1.129

C

1st

1.251

1.064

1.128

2nd

1.252

1.065

1.127

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 10 1st and 2nd Winding minimum operating current

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig10.png

5.3.2 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

PLC ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ฐจ๋™๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜(Low set)์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11๊ณผ ํ‘œ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ •๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 11 1st and 3rd Winding minimum operating current

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig11.png

ํ‘œ 7 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „๋ฅ˜

Table 7 1st and 3rd Winding minimum operating current

Items

Winding

Set current[A]

85%

90%

I[A]

(Applied

current)

A

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

3rd

2.9165

2.479

2.625

B

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

3rd

2.9165

2.479

2.625

C

1st

1.250

1.0625

1.125

3rd

2.9165

2.479

2.625

Id[A]

(Differential current)

A

1st

1.248

1.064

1.127

3rd

2.9163

2.479

2.624

B

1st

1.249

1.061

1.124

3rd

2.9164

2.480

2.625

C

1st

1.248

1.060

1.123

3rd

2.9164

2.478

2.623

Id[A]

(Differential current

digital data)

A

1st

1.248

1.064

1.127

3rd

2.9163

2.479

2.624

B

1st

1.249

1.061

1.124

3rd

2.9164

2.480

2.625

C

1st

1.248

1.060

1.123

3rd

2.9164

2.478

2.623

Ir[A]

(Resistance current

digital data)

A

1st

1.248

1.064

1.127

3rd

2.9163

2.479

2.624

B

1st

1.249

1.061

1.124

3rd

2.9164

2.480

2.625

C

1st

1.248

1.060

1.123

3rd

2.9164

2.478

2.623

5.3.3 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

PLC ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ RDR ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope 1, Slope 2)์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์™€ ํ‘œ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ •๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 8 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope1, Slope 2) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

Table 8 1st and 2nd Winding slope rate test(Slope1, Slope 2) data

Items

Winding

Set current[A]

85%

90%

I[A]

(1st

applied

current)

A

1st

10.50

8.925

9.45

2nd

26.50

22.525

23.85

B

1st

10.50

8.925

9.45

2nd

26.50

22.525

23.85

C

1st

10.50

8.925

9.45

2nd

26.50

22.525

23.85

I[A]

(2nd

applied

current)

A

1st

4.539

4.539

4.539

2nd

9.583

9.583

9.583

B

1st

4.539

4.539

4.539

2nd

9.583

9.583

9.583

C

1st

4.539

4.539

4.539

2nd

9.583

9.583

9.583

Id[A]

(Differential current

digital data)

A

1st

1.396

1.102

1.116

2nd

3.776

3.012

3.336

B

1st

1.395

1.101

1.115

2nd

3.775

3.013

3.334

C

1st

1.395

1.101

1.115

2nd

3.774

3.012

3.333

Ir[A]

(Resistance current

digital data)

A

1st

2.999

2.684

2.789

2nd

7.200

6.405

6.670

B

1st

2.998

2.695

2.790

2nd

7.202

6.404

6.672

C

1st

2.998

2.694

2.789

2nd

7.201

6.401

6.673

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12 ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope 1, Slope 2)

Fig. 12 Slope rate test by the property testing device(Slope 1, Slope 2)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig12.png

5.3.4 1์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

PLC ์˜ํ•œ RDR์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ RDR ์ •์ •์น˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope 1, Slope 2)์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •์ •์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13๊ณผ ํ‘œ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ •๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ CT์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด๋„ RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope 1, Slope 2)

Fig. 13 Slope rate test by the property testing device (Slope 1, Slope 2)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.8.1182/fig13.png

ํ‘œ 9 1์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ 3์ฐจ ๊ถŒ์„  ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์‹œํ—˜(Slope1, Slope 2) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

Table 9 1st and 3nd Winding slope rate test (Slope1, Slope 2) data

Items

Winding

Set current[A]

85%

90%

I[A]

(1st

applied

current)

A

1st

10.60

8.924

9.449

3rd

26.50

22.525

23.85

B

1st

10.60

8.924

9.449

3rd

26.50

22.525

23.85

C

1st

10.60

8.924

9.449

3rd

26.50

22.525

23.85

I[A]

(3rd

applied

current)

A

1st

10.50

8.925

9.450

3rd

19.832

16.857

17.488

B

1st

10.50

8.925

9.450

3rd

19.832

16.857

17.488

C

1st

10.50

8.925

9.450

3rd

19.832

16.857

17.488

Id[A]

(Differential current

digital data)

A

1st

1.222

0.885

0.989

3rd

3.600

2.805

3.070

B

1st

1.220

0.886

0.990

3rd

3.602

2.804

3.072

C

1st

1.221

0.885

0.990

3rd

3.600

2.805

3.069

Ir[A]

(Resistance current

digital data)

A

1st

3.021

2.685

2.789

3rd

7.001

6.205

6.470

B

1st

3.021

2.684

2.790

3rd

7.002

6.204

6.471

C

1st

3.022

2.686

2.789

3rd

6.999

6.205

6.468

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ PLC๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด RDR์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ „์••, 2์ฐจ ์ „์••, 3์ฐจ ์ „์••, ๊ฐ๋ณ€์œ„, 1์ฐจ CT๋น„, 2์ฐจ CT๋น„, 3์ฐจ CT๋น„, ๊ณต๋™์„ค์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ, ์ˆœ์‹œ ๋ฐ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 1, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ 2, ๋ณ€๊ณก์ , ์˜์ƒ๋ถ„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ๊ฑฐ, ์ œ2๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์–ต์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ œ2๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ ์„ค์ •์‹œ, CT๊ฒฐ์„  ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ˜ผ๋™ ๋“ฑ ์„ค์น˜์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ RDR์ด ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๏ฝฅ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ฐจํŠธ์™€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์–ผํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด RDR์ด ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๏ฝฅ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) RDR์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ž…๋ ฅ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜, ์„ค๊ณ„์ž, ์‹œ๊ณต์ž ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž, ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๋“ฑ CT์œ„์น˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์„  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๏ฝฅ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, RDR์ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—๋งŒ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ •์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋งŒ์ „์„ ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(3) RDR์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, PLC๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด RDR์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ฐฐ์„ , CT ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ์—๋„ RDR์ด ๋™์ž‘๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” RDR์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๏ฝฅ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

References

1 
Korea Electrical Safety Corporation, 2012, Protection relay practice, pp. 4Google Search
2 
Hyun-soon Ko, 2016, An Algorithm Development for Refining Fault Discrimination in Power Plant Electrical Systems Based on Combined Operation of Percentage Differential Relays, The Graduate School, Hanyang University, G901:A-0005961150, pp. 1Google Search
3 
LS electric Training Center, 2014, Digital protection relay practice โ…ค. transformer protection relay, pp. v-4Google Search
4 
Sang-Hee Kang, 2018, A Study on the 2nd Harmonic Blocking Scheme and Setting Value of a Current Differential Relay for 154kV Transformers to Prevent Maloperation, The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 29-37DOI
5 
LS electric Training Center, 2018, PLC-XGK Beginner Chapter 2 XGK Overview, pp. 26Google Search

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฐ•์–‘๊ถŒ (Yang-Kwon Park)
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He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Control Mea-surement Engineering from Hankyong National University in 2001 and Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2020, respectively.

He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Honam University.

He has been working in Korea Electric Safety Corporation since 2002.

His research interests include operation of electrical safety field, coordination of protection devices and power distribution systems, renewable energy, power quality.

์–ด์ต์ˆ˜ (Ik-Soo Eo)
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He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Department of electrical engineering, Seoul National University of Technology in 1986 and Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University in 1995, respectively.

He is currently pursuing the Department of Computer application engineering, Seoul University of Venture & Information Ph.D.

He is degree at Currently Professor of electrical engineering department at Honam University.

His research interests include in Electrical Facilities, Lighting and design, Heat-sink.