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  1. (Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Korea.)



Transformer Voltage Tap, Distribution Energy Resources, Volt-Var Control Curve, Smart Inverter, Overvoltage

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ใƒปํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2016๋…„ 11์›” ใ€Ž1[MW] ์ดํ•˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ ‘์†๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„ใ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ „ ์•ฝ 154๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ‘์† ์‹ ์ฒญ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 6.4[GW]์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ œ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ 2020๋…„ 4์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 42๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ ‘์† ์‹ ์ฒญ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 16[GW]๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ ‘์† ์‹ ์ฒญ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ‘์†์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ€์กฑ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์†์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ฆ์„ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ(์ดํ•˜ โ€œํ•œ์ „โ€)๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ ‘์†์‹ ์ฒญ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ ‘์†๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์šฉ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์‹ ์„ค ํˆฌ์ž๋น„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ‘์†ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ƒํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (1) ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ œ3์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš(2)โ€™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2040๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์ค‘ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 30~35[%]๋กœ์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ ‘์†์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ „๋ง์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์†์‹ ์ฒญ์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹ ์ฒญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ˜ผ์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ ‘์† ๊ฐœ์†Œ์˜ ์ ์ • ์ „์•• ์ดํƒˆ ์ด์Šˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์••ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ˜„์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ ‘์†์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ๋„ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IEEE std. 1547-2018(์ดํ•˜ โ€œIEEE 1547โ€), EN 50549 ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3)(4). ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” Volt-Var(์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ) ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณก์„  ์ •์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์•• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ์ „์••๊ฐ’์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์„ ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์„ ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(5). ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ ‘์†์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์••, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋„์ž…์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€ ์ œ์ •(โ€˜21.11) ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜•์ „์› ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ์ •(โ€™21.12)์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(6)(7), Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์„ ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ์„  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(8), ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์†์‹ค ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(9) ๋ฐ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(10) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์••์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์••์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์ €์••์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ์ „์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€ IEEE 1547์˜ Category B์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ํŠน์„ฑ

2.1 ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

2.1.1 ๊ตญ์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ‘์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ FRT(Fault Ride-Through) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. [ํ‘œ 1]์€ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์— ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค(11)(12).

ํ‘œ 1. ๊ตญ์™ธ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Table 1. Reactive power support functions required by foreign countries

์š”๊ตฌ

์กฐ๊ฑด

IEC TS 62786

EN 50549

IEEE Std 1547

CA Rule 21

์ „์••-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด

(Volt-Var)

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง€๋ น

(set point)

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

-

๊ณ ์ •์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด

(Fixed PF)

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ-๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด

(Watt-Var)

-

โ—‹

โ—‹

-

์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ-์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด

(Watt-PF)

-

โ—‹

-

-

๋™์  ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด

(Dynamic Var)

โ—‹

-

-

โ—‹

๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์„ค๋น„ ๋‚ด์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜์ธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ค‘ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ [ํ‘œ 1]์˜ 4๊ฐœ ํ‘œ์ค€์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์šฉํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1]์€ IEEE 1547์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„  (IEEE 1547)

Fig. 1. Volt-Var Control Curve (IEEE 1547)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig1.png

IEEE 1547์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋น„์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ Category A, Category B๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ Volt-Var ๊ณก์„  ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

2.1.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ 11์›” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œํ˜‘ํšŒ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด KSGA-025-15-1 ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ํ›„ ํ•œ์ „๋„ 2021๋…„ 12์›” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€œ์ œ 3์ ˆ โ€“ ์ œ25์กฐ(์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ)โ€์„ ์‹ ์„คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ง€์›๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€์€ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2]์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 2. Volt-Var control curve of A type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig2.png

๋‹จ์ฒด ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„  ์˜ˆ๋Š” IEEE 1547์˜ Category B ๊ณก์„ (์ดํ•˜ โ€œA type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ โ€)๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ (O1, O2, O3, O4, O5)์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IEEE 1547์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์••์ด 1.02[pu] ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  1.08[pu] ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ƒ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 44%์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 0.98[pu] ~ 1.02[pu] ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฐ๋“œ๋ฐด๋“œ(Dead-band) ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „์••์ด 0.98[pu] ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์ „์••์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  0.92[pu] ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ƒ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 44%์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ํŠน์„ฑ

2.2.1 ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: 1) ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „์šฉ์„ ๋กœ; 2) ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณต์šฉ์„ ๋กœ; 3) ์ „์šฉ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ; 4) ์ €์•• ์ „์šฉ์„ ๋กœ; 5) ์ €์•• ๊ณต์šฉ์„ ๋กœ. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(6).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹

Fig. 3. DER connection method of distribution system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig3.png

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„, ์ฆ‰ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์ ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.2.2 ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••

ํ•œ์ „์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ OLTC(On Load Tap Changer)๊ฐ€ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์†ก์ถœ์ „์••์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์†ก์ถœ์ „์••์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ ์ •์ „์•• ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด SVR(Step Voltage Regulator)์ด ์ €์ „์••์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ •์ „์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ํŠน๊ณ ์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ์ „์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ „์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜๋น„๋Š” 12600/230, 13200/230, 13800/230์ด๋ฉฐ 13200/230 ํƒญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํƒญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์••์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ํ‘œ์ค€์ „์•• 220ยฑ13[V]๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” 12600/230 ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์••์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ „์••์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” 13800/230 ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 59๊ฐœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์˜ 2020๋…„ ์ „์••๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4]์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์••๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 15๋ถ„ ํ‰๊ท ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 380[V]๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ณผ 396[V]๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 4.5% ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 13200/230์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํƒญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํƒญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2์ฐจ ์ „์••์ด ์•ฝ 4.5% ๋‚ฎ์€ 13800/230 ํƒญ์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. 13800/230์˜ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„๋Š” 13200/220์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํƒญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด 230/220 โ‰’ 1.045์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 2์ฐจ ์ „์••์ด ์•ฝ 4.5% ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. 2020๋…„ ์ „์••๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ(15๋ถ„ ํ‰๊ท )

Fig. 4. Voltage data distribution in 2020 (15-minute average)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig4.png

3. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ Case Study

3.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์••์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4]๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2]์˜ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์— ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์€ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „์••์ด 1.0[pu]๋กœ ๊ฐ™๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 13200/230 ํƒญ๊ณผ 13800/230 ํƒญ์˜ Case Study๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› Case Study๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์€ EPRI(The Electric Power Research Institute)์˜ OpenDSS ํˆด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1.1 ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5]์˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(13).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 5. Simulation system line configuration

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig5.png

๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ Bus๋Š” ์ด 24๊ฐœ๋กœ 1~15 Bus๋Š” ๊ฐ Line๋‹น 2[km], 16~24 Bus๋Š” ๊ฐ Line๋‹น 3[km]๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ตœ์žฅ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 29[km]์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์„ ์ข…์€ ํ•œ์ „ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ DS-3001 ์ด์น™ 6ํ•ญ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ACSR-OC 160SQ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, OLTC์˜ ์†ก์ถœ์ „์••์€ 1[pu]๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์•• 22.9kV๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” 5.25[MW], ์ตœ์†Œ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” 1.58[MW]๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ Bus์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ Load์™€ PV ์ •๋ณด๋Š” [ํ‘œ 2]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. Bus ์ •๋ณด

Table 2. Bus information

BUS

Load

[kW]

PV ์—ฐ๊ณ„

BUS

Load

[kW]

PV ์—ฐ๊ณ„

1

350

ร—

13

350

ร—

2

350

โ—‹

14

0

โ—‹

3

350

ร—

15

350

ร—

4

0

ร—

16

350

ร—

5

350

ร—

17

0

โ—‹

6

0

โ—‹

18

350

ร—

7

350

ร—

19

0

ร—

8

0

ร—

20

350

โ—‹

9

350

โ—‹

21

350

ร—

10

350

ร—

22

350

ร—

11

0

ร—

23

0

ร—

12

350

ร—

24

0

โ—‹

PV๋Š” ์ด 7๊ฐœ์˜ bus์— ๊ฐ 2๋Œ€์”ฉ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Load Profile๊ณผ PV Profile์€ ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ 2020๋…„ Data๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ Profile์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6]๊ณผ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ(8,760h)

Fig. 6. Load Profile(8,760h)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ(8,760h)

Fig. 7. PV Profile(8,760h)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig7.png

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด [ํ‘œ 3]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •๋ณด

Table 3. Grid information

์„ ๋กœ ์ตœ์žฅ ๊ธธ์ด

29[km]

์„ ์ข…

ACSR-OC 160SQ

(R=0.182[ฮฉ/km], X=0.391[ฮฉ/km])

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›

14[MW] / 14๊ฐœ์†Œ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ % ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค

3[%]

์†ก์ถœ ์ „์••(์„ ๊ฐ„)

22.9kV(1[pu])

๋ถ€ํ•˜

Max: 5.25[MW], Min: 1.58[MW]

Load Profile

์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ(2020๋…„)

PV Profile

์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ(2020๋…„)

3.1.2 Case ๊ฐœ์š”

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ Case๋Š” ์ด 6๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Case ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ [ํ‘œ 4]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. Case ์ •๋ณด

Table 4. Case information

Case

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰[MW]

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ

์ „์•• ํƒญ

๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด

0

4.9

13200/230

PF = 1

1

14

13200/230

PF = 1

2

14

13200/230

Volt-Var

(A Type)

3

14

13800/230

PF = 1

4

14

13800/230

Volt-Var

(A Type)

5

14

13800/230

Volt-Var

(B Type)

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ, Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ์œ ๋ฌด ๋ฐ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Case ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฐ Case ๋ณ„๋กœ 14๊ฐœ์†Œ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Case 0๊ณผ Case 1 ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 13200/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. Case 2 ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” A type์˜ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ Case 1์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ•ด์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. Case 3๊ณผ Case 4 ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ 13800/230๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Case 5๋Š” Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด Type(B type)์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ 1๋…„(8,760[h])๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••(๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „์••, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ €์•• ์ „์••)์ด ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(์ด 122,640[๊ฐœ], 14[๊ฐœ์†Œ]ร—8760[๊ฐœ/๊ฐœ์†Œ]) ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜•์ „์› ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  Guideline(14)์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ 1.02[pu](13200+264[V]), ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—…๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™ ์ œ 18์กฐ(์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ์ค€)์˜ 1.06[pu](220+13[V])๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„

3.2.1 ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€(Case 0, Case 1)

๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ 13200/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Case0)์™€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Case1)์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ Case์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8], [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. Case 0์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 8. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 0

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig8.png

Case 0์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด 4.9[MW](๊ฐœ์†Œ๋‹น 0.35[MW]) ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 14[MW](๊ฐœ์†Œ๋‹น 1[MW])๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ(Case 1)๋Š” ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ 2,446์‹œ๊ฐ„(1.02~1.03[pu]: 2,092[h], 1.03~1.04[pu]: 346[h], 1.04~1.05[pu]: 8[h]), ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ 9,036์‹œ๊ฐ„(1.06~1.07[pu]: 6,152[h], 1.07~1.08[pu]: 2,398[h], 1.08~1.09[pu]: 450[h], 1.09~1.10: 36[h])์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง๋‹จ์˜ PV1, PV9์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ PV8์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PV1, PV9 ๋ฐ PV8์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์€ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. Case 1์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 9. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 1

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์•• Profile(PV1, PV9, PV8)

Fig. 10. Voltage Profile(PV1, PV9, PV8)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig10.png

๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ PV1๊ณผ PV9์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด 0.99~1.10[pu]๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 0.11[pu]์˜ ์ง„ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9]์˜ ์ €์•• ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ € ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ PV๋Š” ์„ ๋กœ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์••์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ตœ์ € ์ „์••์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ PV8์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด 1.04~1.06[pu]๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 0.02[pu]์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ง„ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์ ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ PV๋Š” ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์•„ ์„ ๋กœ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

3.2.2 A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€(Case 2)

Case 2๋Š” Case 1์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ Case์ด๋‹ค. Case 2์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. Case 2์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 11. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig11.png

๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ Case 1๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด Volt-Var ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ํ›„ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์— ์„ค์ •๋œ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด 1.02[pu] ์ด์ƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์€ 1.06[pu] ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ, ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์€ 1.02[pu] ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 13200/230 ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.3 A type Volt-Var์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€(Case 3, Case 4)

๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. 13200/230 ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์•ž์„  Case์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ Case 3๊ณผ Case 4๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด 13800/230 ํƒญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Case 3์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด Volt-Var ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด๋ฉฐ Case 4๋Š” A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ Case์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12], [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. Case 3์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 12. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 3

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig12.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. Case 4์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 13. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 4

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig13.png

๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Case 3์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ๋Š” Case 1์˜ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 2,446์‹œ๊ฐ„(1.02~1.03[pu]: 2,092[h], 1.03~1.04[pu]: 346[h], 1.04~1.05[pu]: 8[h])์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด 13200/230์ธ Case 1์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ Case 3์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด 13800/230์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ธ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ „์••์ด 13200/230์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Case 1์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ Case 3์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ Case 4๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ด 2,082์‹œ๊ฐ„(1.02~1.03[pu]: 2,016[h], 1.03~ 1.04[pu]: 66[h])์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด 13800/230์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด Case 2์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

3.2.4 B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€(Case 5)

Case 5๋Š” Case 4์—์„œ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ Case์ด๋‹ค. B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์ฐจ(์•ฝ 4.5%)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ 0.4[pu]์˜ ํ‰ํ–‰์ด๋™ํ•œ ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14]์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, Case 5์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 14. Volt-Var control curve of B type

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. Case 5์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 15. Overvoltage analysis result in Case 5

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig15.png

๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด์†Œ๋์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์••์—์„œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 13800/230 ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์™„ํ™”์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ ์š”์•ฝ

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ Case study ์š”์•ฝ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” [ํ‘œ 5]์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5. Case study ์š”์•ฝ

Table 5. Case study summary

Case

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

[MW]

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ

๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด

๊ณผ์ „์••

๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€

ํŠน๊ณ ์••

์ €์••

0

4.9

13200/230

PF = 1

ร—

ร—

1

14

13200/230

PF = 1

โ—‹

โ—‹

2

14

13200/230

Volt-Var

(A Type)

ร—

ร—

3

14

13800/230

PF = 1

โ—‹

ร—

4

14

13800/230

Volt-Var

(A Type)

โ—‹

ร—

5

14

13800/230

Volt-Var

(B Type)

ร—

ร—

๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 13200/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 13800/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 16. Volt-Var control curve of A type and voltage distribution

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig16.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 17. B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 17. Volt-Var control curve of B type and voltage distribution

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/fig17.png

[๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16]๊ณผ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17]์€ ๋ณธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 13200/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ๊ณผ 13800/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 13200/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฒ”์œ„์ธ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16]์˜ โ‘  ์˜์—ญ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 13800/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16]์—์„œ์˜ โ‘ก์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 13800/230 ์ „์•• ํƒญ์—์„œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด [๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17]๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ด B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋” ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ•ด์†Œ์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ˜„์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ A type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด์†Œ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” B type Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์€ [ํ‘œ 6]์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 6. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ํƒญ ๋ณ„ Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

Table 6. Volt-Var control curve by voltage tap of connected transformer

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ

Volt-Var ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ 

13200/230

A type

13800/230

B type

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์„ ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†ก๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ๋ฐœ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(15)๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์„ ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(16) ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋Š” Volt-Var ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Watt-Var ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด, Volt-Watt ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant Number : R19DA09)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€ํ˜„์ง„(Hyeonjin Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/au1.png

He received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Konkuk University in 2014 and the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Korea University in 2016.

He is a researcher of KEPCO Research Institute.

์กฐ์ข…๋ฏผ(Jongmin Jo)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/au2.png

He received the B.S degree, M.S degree and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Chungnam National University in 2015 and 2020.

He is a senior researcher of KEPCO Research Institute.

๋ฐฑ์žํ˜„(Baek Ja-hyun)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/au3.png

She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Sangmyung Univ, Seoul, Korea in 2015 and 2017.

She is currently a researcher of KEPCO Research Institute.

Her research interests are renewable energy management include forecasting and control.

๊น€๋™์„ญ(Dongsub Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.10.1358/au4.png

He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Hangyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1982, 2000, and Ph.D. degrees from Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea in 2014, respectively.

He was a Vice president at KEPCO, Korea from 2018 to 2020.

Currently, he is a professor at Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Korea.

His recent research interests include the power systems application like EMS, DERMS, active voltage control of distribution system.