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Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University, Korea.)



Photovoltaic System, Maintenance Planning, Reliability, Hybrid failure rate

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์ ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ•ฉ๋™ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžŒ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ 6๋Œ€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ˆœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์žก์•„, ๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณตํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(1). ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›๋ณ„ ๋น„์ค‘์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, โ€˜20๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ๋ˆ„์  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 17,323[MW]๋กœ โ€˜19๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 18.9[%]๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘, 10[kW] ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 91.15[%]์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค(2).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์„ค์น˜ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ค‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ์šด์˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋”์šฑ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ HVDC ์„ค๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (3)์€ ์ „๋™์ฐจ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ต์ฒด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (4)๋Š” ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ €๊ฐ ํŒฉํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (5)๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์šฉ ๋„์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (6)์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์  ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (7)์€ Weibull ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (8)์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ž„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ณ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์„ค๋น„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (9)์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ Weibull ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (10)์€ ์ „์••ํ˜• HVDC ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ ์‘ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ณ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ(As good as new)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (11-13)์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (11)๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ƒํƒœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Multi-state system)์—์„œ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (12)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (13)์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์œ ํšจ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ฆ‰ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ค์‹œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ค๋น„์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณ„ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, Hybrid ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต์ฒด ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ์ •์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

2.1 ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ

์†Œ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ PV array(Photovoltaic Array), DC, AC MCCB(Molded Case Circuit Breaker), Inverter, LC filter, EMI filter(Electromagnetic Interface Filter), Mold TR(Mold Transformer), VCB(Vacuum Circuit Breaker) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(14). ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด PV array, ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ค๋น„(Inverter), ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜, ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅ˜, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„ ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ชจ์‹๋„

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of photovoltaic generation system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig1.png

2.2 ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ(RBM, Reliability Block Diagram)์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์งยท๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(15).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์„ค๋น„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ PV array, Inverter, MCCB, Mold TR, VCB์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์€ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—, ์„ค๋น„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๊ณง ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ

Fig. 2. Reliability block diagram of photovoltaic generation system

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2.3 ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ชจ์‹๋„์ด๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

Fig. 3. Procedure of the maintenance planning

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3. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์ธ

์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Weibull ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ณ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„, ๋ถˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(16). ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ Weibull ๋ชจ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ Weibull ๋ชจ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹

์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ • ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(17). ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ต์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(1)
$CR(T)=\lim_{t\to\infty}\dfrac{C_{pr}R(t)+C_{fr}F(t)}{\int_{0}^{T}R(t)dt}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

$C_{pr}$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ],

$C_{fr}$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ],

$R(t)$ : t์‹œ์ ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„[%],

$F(t)$ : t์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„[%]

$CR$ : ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ]

์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณ€์ˆ˜ $t$๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, $T$๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹(1)์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ํ•ญ์€ $t$์‹œ์ ์˜ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ณฑ, ๋ถˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹(1)์˜ ๋ถ„๋ชจ ํ•ญ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹(1)์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ตœ์†Œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์  $t$๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ตœ์  ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ($T$)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํ›„๊ต์ฒด๋น„์šฉ($C_{fr}$)์ด ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์ฒด๋น„์šฉ($C_{pr}$)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ์  ๊ต์ฒด ์ง€์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, $C_{fr}/ C_{pr}$ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๊ต์ฒด ์ดํ›„์˜ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(11).

3.2 ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ์จ, ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค(12).

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํšจ๊ณผ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ณด์ „์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜์–ด, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์งง์•„์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ • ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์€ ์ผ์ • ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์ฒด ์ด์ „์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹(2)๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ, ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ $C$๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜ $N$์„ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(13).

(2)
$C=\dfrac{c_{pr}+c_{p}\bullet(N-1)+c_{m}\sum_{k=1}^{N}A_{k}[H(y_{k})-H(b_{k-1}y_{k-1})]}{\sum_{k=1}^{N-1}(1-b_{k})y_{k}+y_{N}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

$N$ : ์„ค๋น„ ๊ต์ฒด ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜[ํšŒ],

$k$ : ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜[ํšŒ]

$c_{p}$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ],

$c_{m}$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ],

$c_{pr}$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์ฒด๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ]

$a_{k}$ : ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜,

$b_{k}$ : ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ณ„์ˆ˜,

$A_{k}$ : k๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜,

$H(x)$: $x$์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ [ํšŒ/year]

์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ตœ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ($c_{m}$)์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋น„์šฉ($c_{p}$)์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ($c_{m}$)์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

(3)
$a_{k}=\dfrac{6k+1}{5k+1},\: k=0,\:1,\:2,\:...$

(4)
$b_{k}=\dfrac{k}{2k+1},\: k=0,\:1,\:2,\:...$

(5)
$A_{k}=\prod_{i=0}^{k-1}a_{i},\: k=1,\:2,\:...,\:N$

$a_{k}$, $b_{k}$๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์‹(3)์€ ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $k$๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, $k$๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹(4)๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜ $k$๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹(5)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, $A_{k}$๋Š” $k$๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ, $k-1$๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜($a_{k}$)๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

(6)
$y_{k}=x_{k}+b_{k-1}y_{k-1}$

(7)
$t_{k}=\sum_{i=1}^{k}x_{i},\: k=1,\:2,\:...,\:N$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ

$k$ : ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŒ ์ฐจ[ํšŒ]

$x_{k}$ : ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ[year]

$y_{k}$ : ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜[year]

$t_{k}$ : $k$๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ [year]

์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹(6)์˜ $y_{k}$๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜($N$)์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋น„์šฉ($c_{p}$, $c_{m}$, $c_{r}$)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ, ๊ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŒ ์ฐจ($k$)๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ($x_{k}$)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $x_{k}$๋Š” $k$๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ $k-1$๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ๊ฐ ํšŒ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ($t_{k}$)์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ $x_{k}$๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹(7)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ, ๊ฐ ํšŒ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ($t_{1}$)์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•œ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ $x_{1}$์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋น„ ๊ต์ฒด ์ด์ „ ์ตœ์ข… ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ($t_{N}$)์€ ์ด์ „์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ($x_{1},\: x_{2},\:\cdots ,\: x_{N}$)์„ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.3 ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์ธ

3.1์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  3.2์˜ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด์— ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘๋น„ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘๋น„ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ(ECPO, Expected Cost of PV Outage)์ด๋‹ค. ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ณด์ „์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒํผ ์ „๋ ฅ ํŒ๋งค์— ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์†์‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

(8)
$ECPO(t)=\lambda(t)\times r\times C_{PV}\times P_{PV}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

$\lambda(t)$ : t ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ [occ/year],

$r$ : ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„[hour],

$C_{PV}$ : PV ์ •์ „ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ํŒ๋งค ์ง€์žฅ๋น„์šฉ[๏ฟฆ],

$P_{PV}$ : PV ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰[MW]

์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ์€(ECPO)๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ , ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ณต๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ „๋ ฅํŒ๋งค์ง€์žฅ๋น„์šฉ, PV ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

4. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ ์ • ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋น„ ์ค‘ Inverter์€ ์ค‘์š” ์„ค๋น„์ธ IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) ์ˆ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IGBT ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค. MCCB๋„ ๊ต์ฒด๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์„ค๋น„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 1[MW]์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ณ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, โ€œํ‘œ 1โ€์— ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ Weibull ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(18-22). ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” 40๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด, ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ ์šฉ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ Weibull ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

Table 1. The Weibull parameters and breakdown recovery time by facility

Weibull parameter

Breakdown recovery time [hour]

Shape parameter

Scale parameter

PV array

3.5

25

30

Inverter

7.6927

28.957

2

Mold TR

2.3649

26.8

10

VCB

4

37.48

10

MCCB

1.8058

23.57

2

์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 3.3์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋‘์–ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„์œจ

Table 2. Maintenance cost ratio for cycle calculation

Hybrid model

Age replacement model

Preventive

maintenance cost

0.1

-

Minimal

Maintenance

cost

0.4

-

Replacement

cost

1

-

Preventive replacement cost

-

1

Corrective replacement

cost

-

2

์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋น„์šฉ, ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ‘œ 3, ํ‘œ 4์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(23,24). ํ‘œ 3์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ‘œ 4๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ($C_{m}$)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•˜์œ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ $C_{PV}$๋Š” SMP(System Marginal Price)์™€ REC(Renewable Energy Certificate) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 1[kWh]๋‹น 195.74[๏ฟฆ]์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(25,26).

ํ‘œ 3. ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ

Table 3. Maintenance cost by facility

Maintenance

cost[๏ฟฆ]

Replacement

cost[๏ฟฆ]

PV array

263,960,000

659,000,000

Inverter

46,080,000

115,200,000

Mold TR

16,380,000

40,950,000

VCB

3,148,000

7,870,000

MCCB

23,600

59,000

ํ‘œ 4. ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์ฒด๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ต์ฒด๋น„์šฉ

Table 4. Preventive replacement cost and corrective replacement cost by facility

Maintenance

cost[๏ฟฆ]

Replacement

cost[๏ฟฆ]

PV array

263,960,000

659,000,000

Inverter

46,080,000

115,200,000

Mold TR

16,380,000

40,950,000

VCB

3,148,000

7,870,000

MCCB

23,600

59,000

4.1 PV array

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” PV array์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ 40๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 19๋…„์œผ๋กœ 2ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 17, 27, 36๋…„์œผ๋กœ 3ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 17๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 19๋…„๊นŒ์ง€, 36๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 38๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ต์ฒด๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 2ํšŒ์ฐจ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (27๋…„)์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ €๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5๋Š” PV array์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ECPO๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ECPO๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ „์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ECPO ์—ญ์‹œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1ํšŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ธฐ์—, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ธฐ์—, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ PV array ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 4. PV array failure rate by maintenance cycle calculation method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig4.png

ํ‘œ 5. PV array ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 5. PV array expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

3

2

Expected PV outage cost

1,035,181[๏ฟฆ]

775,591[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

791,880,000[๏ฟฆ]

1,319,800,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

792,915,181[๏ฟฆ]

1,320,575,591[๏ฟฆ]

4.2 Inverter

4์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ Inverter์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ 40๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 23๋…„์œผ๋กœ 1ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 6์€ Inverter์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ECPO๋Š” 22๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, 16,534[์›]์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž‘์•„ ECPO๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ Inverter ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 5. Inverter failure rate applying age replacement method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig5.png

ํ‘œ 6. Inverter ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 6. Inverter expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

-

1

Expected PV outage cost

-

16,534[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

-

115,200,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

-

115,216,534[๏ฟฆ]

4.3 MCCB

4์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, MCCB์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ MCCB์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ 40๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 30๋…„์œผ๋กœ 1ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 7์€ Inverter์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ECPO๋Š” 30๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, 35,451[์›]์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž‘์•„ ECPO๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ MCCB ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 6. MCCB failure rate applying age replacement method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig6.png

ํ‘œ 7. MCCB ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 7. MCCB expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

-

1

Expected PV outage cost

-

35,451[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

-

59,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

-

94,451[๏ฟฆ]

4.4 Mold TR

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ Mold TR์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ 40๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 25๋…„์œผ๋กœ 1ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 23, 35๋…„์œผ๋กœ 2ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.1์ ˆ์˜ PV array ์„ค๋น„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 1ํšŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (23๋…„)์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (25๋…„)๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 25๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, 2ํšŒ ์ฐจ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (35๋…„)์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 8์€ Mold TR์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PV array์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ECPO๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ๊ธฐ์— ECPO์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, 1ํšŒ ์ฐจ์˜ ECPO๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๋น„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Šฆ๊ธฐ์—, ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋น„๊ฐ€์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, PV array์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉ ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ Mold TR ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 7. Mold TR failure rate by maintenance cycle calculation method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig7.png

ํ‘œ 8. Mold TR ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 8. Mold TR expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

2

1

Expected PV outage cost

256,106[๏ฟฆ]

148,575[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

32,760,000[๏ฟฆ]

40,950,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

33,016,106[๏ฟฆ]

41,098,575[๏ฟฆ]

4.5 VCB

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ VCB์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ 40๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 29๋…„์œผ๋กœ 1ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 26๋…„์œผ๋กœ 1ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 1ํšŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (26๋…„)์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (29๋…„)๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 29๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ์—ดํ™” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 9๋Š” VCB์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ ์šฉ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.

์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ค๋น„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ECPO๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 26๋…„์— ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 28๋…„์— ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— 2๋…„ ๋” ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋™์ผ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ECPO๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ VCB ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 8. VCB failure rate by maintenance cycle calculation method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig8.png

ํ‘œ 9. VCB ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 9. VCB expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

1

1

Expected PV outage cost

61,996[๏ฟฆ]

87,009[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

3,148,000[๏ฟฆ]

7,870,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

3,209,996[๏ฟฆ]

7,957,099[๏ฟฆ]

4.6 ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์ ์€ 19, 23, 25, 29, 30, 38๋…„์œผ๋กœ, ์ด 7ํšŒ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์ ์€ 17, 23, 26, 27, 30, 35, 36๋…„์œผ๋กœ, ์ด 7ํšŒ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด 27๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ดํ™” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ›„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 10์€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด 1ํšŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์˜ ECPO๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ „๋žต ๋„์ž… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์„ค๋น„ ๋ณด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ๊ณ , ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ดํ›„ ์—ดํ™” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์— ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ณ„ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ 

Fig. 9. Total system failure rate by maintenance cycle calculation method

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/fig9.png

ํ‘œ 10. ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ

Table 10. Total system expected pv outage cost and facility maintenance cost

Hybrid model (maintenance)

Age replacement model

(replacement)

Number of maintenance

7

6

Expected PV outage cost

1,405,269[๏ฟฆ]

1,063,251[๏ฟฆ]

Maintenance, replacement cost

943,047,000[๏ฟฆ]

1,483,879,000[๏ฟฆ]

Total Cost

944,452,269[๏ฟฆ]

1,484,942,251[๏ฟฆ]

5. Conclusion

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์ „๋žต์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ • ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ๋Š” PV array, Inverter, MCCB, Mold Tr, VCB์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Inverter์™€ MCCB์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ค‘๋‹จ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ ์‹œ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋™์ผ์ˆ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์„ค๋น„ ๊ต์ฒด ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ์—, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ •์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… ์ ์šฉ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1ํšŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ผ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘, ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์—, ์—ดํ™” ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ •์ „์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ค‘๋‹จ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ „์ฒด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2020๋…„๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›(KETEP)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (No. 20206910100020)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋‚จํƒœ์–‘(Tae-Yang Nam)
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He received his B.S. degree from Anyang University, Anyang, Korea, in 2017, Currently he is a student of Soongsil University graduate school masters and doctoral course.

์œค๊ด‘ํ›ˆ(Kwang-Hoon Yoon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/au2.png

He received his B.S. degree from Anyang University, Anyang, Korea, in 2017, Currently he is a student of Soongsil University graduate school masters and doctoral course.

๋ฌธ์›์‹(Won-Sik Moon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/au3.png

He received the B.S., M.S, and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Soongsil Univer sity, Seoul, Korea, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively.

He worked at LG Electronics from 2016 to 2019 in the field of Microgrid.

He is currently an Associate Professor with Soonsil University since 2019.

His research interests include application of Renewable Energy and Microgrid Technologies to Power Systems.

๊น€์žฌ์ฒ (Jae-Chul Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/au4.png

He received his B.S. degree from Electrical Engineering at Soongsil University in 1979 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Seoul National University in 1983 and 1987, respectively.

Currently, he is a professor in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering at Soongsil University.

์‹ ์ค‘์šฐ(Joong-Woo Shin)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.11.1541/au5.png

He received his B.S. degree from Hongik University, Sejong, Korea, in 2015 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea, in 2022, Currently he is a post-doc in Power Conversion System Research Center at Korean Electrotechnology Research Institute