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  1. (Dept. of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea.)



Digital Governor, Diagnosis Devices, Hydro Power, Pumped-storage Power, Wicket Gate, Servomotor, Position Feedback

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ˆ˜๋ ฅใƒป์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ œ์–ด์„ค๋น„์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ใƒป์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์‚ฐํ™” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(1,2). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์ข… ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ง€์›์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ๋น„ํ’ˆ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค(3-6). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜์€ wicket gate(W/G)๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ , ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์„œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(7,8). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šด์šฉ๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 7MW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ 250MW๊ธ‰ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€, ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, DI/DO๋ถ€, position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, W/G ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ๊ณ„ํ†ต/๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด์™€ ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ฐ main distributing valve(DIST) ํฌ์ง€์…˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ, ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ, ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 7MW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ 2๊ธฐ์™€ 250MW๊ธ‰ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ 4๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์šฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

2.1 ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ

๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ wicket gate๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ใƒป์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ Alstom์˜ N1000 ๋ฐ N1500 ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Alstom์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, W/G์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PWM ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ W/G ํฌ์ง€์…˜์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ 4~20mA์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, PWM ์„œ๋ณด ์ œ์–ดํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์œ ์•• ์•ก์ถ”์—์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์นดํ”Œ๋ž€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 7MW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด wicket gate(W/G)์šฉ N1000 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ, runner blade(R/B)์šฉ N1000 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ, SL1000๊ณผ LD1000์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, W/G์šฉ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ† ๊ธ€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค์ •์น˜ ๋งŒํผ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ opening๊ณผ closing ๋™์ž‘ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•œ ํ›„ holding ๋™์ž‘ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, R/B์šฉ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ(ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค)์™€ ๋ฒจ๋ธŒ ํฌ์ง€์…˜์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŽ„์Šค ํญ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค(9,10). ๋˜ํ•œ, SL1000์€ RS232๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์‹œ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜(Status)์šฉ S/W์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ , LD1000์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๋™๋˜๊ณ , ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ RS485 ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์šฉ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 1. Configuration of electrical system in N1000 controller for digital governor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์šฉ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 2. Configuration of electrical system in N1000 controller for digital governor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/fig2.png

์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ GANP network๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, GANP network ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์™€ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„๋“œ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด RS485์™€ RS232์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ญ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ 250MW๊ธ‰ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด upper์™€ lower W/G์šฉ N1500 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ speed tachometer ADT1000์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์นดํ”Œ๋ž€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” N1000 ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ฐจ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ upper W/G์™€ lower W/G์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค(11,12). ๋˜ํ•œ, N1500 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” processor ๋ชจ๋“ˆ(UCT)์˜ RS232๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Status์šฉ S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, TR10 actuator ์ œ์–ด์šฉ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด upper์™€ lower W/G๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ADT1000์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋กœํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ redundancy ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ ์ ‘์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  4~20mA์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์šฉ N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 3. Configuration of electrical system in N1500 controller for digital governor

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2.3 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์šฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(a)๋Š” N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(b)๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŽ„์Šค ํญ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ TR10 actuator๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด main distributing valve(DIST V/V)๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์˜ spool ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์†๋„ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค(13). ํ•œํŽธ, ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋™์ž‘์— ์˜ํ•œ W/G์˜ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ(ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ๊ฐœํ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , W/G์šฉ position sensor๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ W/G์˜ ๊ฐœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 4. Configuration of mechanical control system in digital governor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. Wicket gate์˜ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

Fig. 5. Operation mechanism of wicket gate

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3. ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

3.1 N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

์ˆ˜๋ ฅยท์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” SD1000/LD1000 ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ-์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์ข… ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ง€์›์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ SD1000/LD1000์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ€, Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€, ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, DI/DO๋ถ€, position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, W/G ๋ฐ R/B ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ€๋Š” N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด RTS ์ง€์› RS485 converter๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” SD1000/LD1000 ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ RS485/422 converter, Modbus master, Profibus DP master์€ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, RTS ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” RS485 ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” GANP network๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€๋Š” GANP network๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์šฉ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••์ธ DC 125V๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, DI/DO๋ถ€๋Š” ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ fault ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” W/G์˜ ๊ฐœ๋„ ๋ฐ DIST V/V์˜ spool ํฌ์ง€์…˜์„ 0~20mA(4mA~20mA)์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, W/G ๋ฐ R/B ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” W/G ๋ฐ R/B์˜ ๊ฐœ๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ‘œ 2๋Š” N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๊ณผ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ž์˜ ์ž…ใƒป์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ETOR์€ D/I ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ง€๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , STOR์€ D/O ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, sensor input No.1์€ ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํฌ์ง€์…˜(SM position)์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , 4~20mA์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, sensor input No.2๋Š” DIST V/V position์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , 0~20mA์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

Fig. 6. Configuration of diagnosis device in N1000 controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/fig6.png

ํ‘œ 1. N1000 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹

Table 1. Simulation conditions

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹

๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง

๋น„ ๊ณ 

์ผ๋ฐ˜ RS485/422 converter

x

MOD Bus Master

x

profibus DP master

x

RTS ์ง€์› RS485 converter

โ—Ž

SL1000/LD1000

โ–ณ

์˜ˆ๋น„์šฉ ์—†์Œ

ํ‘œ 2. N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Table 2. Configuration and function of fault diagnosis device in N1000 controller

ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ช…

๋‚ด ์—ญ

1

ETOR0

validation of the external analog setpoint

2

ETOR1

startup order

3

ETOR2

operation in positioner mode

4

ETOR3

pre-positioning validation(optional)

5

ETOR4

+ speed / load

6

ETOR5

- speed / load

7

ETOR6

circuit breaker open.

8

ETOR7

pre-positioning 2 (optional).

10

+12v

supply of TOR logic inputs

11

STOR0

major fault

12

0v

com

13

STOR1

threshold I

14

STOR2

threshold II

15

+12v

supply of external governor relays.

16-17

EFREQ

unit frequency input

18-19

SANA1

analog output 1

20-21

SANA2

analog output2 (optional)

22-23

EANA1

external setpoint I

24-25

EANA2

external opening limitation or pressure head

26

+12v

supplies for sensor input No.1

27

EANA3

sensor input No.1

28

-12v

supplies for sensor input No.2

30

EANA4

sensor input No.2

31

-12v

supplies for sensor input No.2

32-33

EANA5

measure power or level

39

+12v

supplies for sensor input No.2

BN1

125Vdc

์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰

BN2

PWM

W/G ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ (TR10 actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅ)

3.2 N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€, ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, DI/DO๋ถ€, position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, W/G ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ๊ณ„ํ†ต/๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋กœํ„ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€, ์ ‘์  ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, processor ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์— RS232๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์šฉ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••์ธ DC 125V๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, DI/DO๋ถ€๋Š” ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ fault ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” W/G์™€ DIST V/V์˜ position์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, W/G ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” upper์™€ lower W/G์˜ ๊ฐœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต/๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋Š” ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 3์€ N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ESB ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ETOR์€ D/I ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ง€๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , STOR์€ D/O ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, EFREQ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต/๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์„œ๋ธŒ๋ž™ ์šฐ์ธกํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ BP1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„์— ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€(BAT P.S)๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ , VS1, VS2์— W/G ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, BN1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„์— ์ˆ˜๋™์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, BN2์™€ BN3 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ SM1๊ณผ SM2๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ upper ๋ฐ lower W/G์˜ ์„œ๋ณด๋ชจํ„ฐ position์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, DIST1๊ณผ DIST2๋Š” upper ๋ฐ lower DIST V/V position์œผ๋กœ, 4~20mA์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

Fig. 7. Configuration of diagnosis device in N1500 controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/fig7.png

ํ‘œ 3. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์šฉ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Table 3. Configuration and function of fault diagnosis device in N1500 controller

ESB1 ๋ชจ๋“ˆ

ESB2 ๋ชจ๋“ˆ

BC1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

BC1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

19-20

ETOR2

circuit BRK open

19-20

ETOR2

lower opening limiter setting

17-18

ETOR1

turbine mode

17-18

ETOR1

raise opening limiter setting

15-16

EFRQ

TAC1 (FG.)

15-16

EFRQ

TAC2 (FR)

BC2 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

BC2 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

12-13

STOR1

major fault

10-11

ETOR8

lower load/freq. setting

2-3

ETOR4

pump mode

8-9

ETOR7

raise load/freq. setting

BP1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

7-8

BAT P.S

battery P.S

5-6

VS1

PUI1 module output (TR10 actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅ)

3-4

VS2

PUI2 module output (TR10 actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅ)

BN1 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

4

POS+

manual control + direction

3

24V pos

24V postioner

2

POS-

manual control - direction

BN2 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

8-9

SM1

servomotor pos 1

6-7

DIST1

main distribution v/v 1

BN3 ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„

8-9

SM2

servomotor pos 2

6-7

DIST2

main distribution v/v 2

4. ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

4.1.1 N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

N1000 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ RTS ์ง€์› RS485 converter์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” sensor No.1์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4~20[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” DI/DO๋ถ€์˜ ETOR1์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••์€ ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 125[V$_{dc}$]๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 4. Test conditions of fault diagnosis device in N1000 controller

ํ•ญ ๋ชฉ

๋‚ด ์—ญ

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ€

ํ†ต์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹ - RTS ์ง€์› RS485

position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€

feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ - 4~20[mA]

DI/DO๋ถ€

W/G ๋™์ž‘๋ชจ๋“œ - ETOR1 ํ† ๊ธ€

R/B ๋™์ž‘๋ชจ๋“œ - ETOR1 ํ„ด-์˜จ

์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€

์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• - 125[Vdc]

4.1.2 N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

N1500 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ‘œ 5๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, N1500 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” upper ๋ฐ lower W/G์˜ SM position, upper ๋ฐ lower DIST V/V position๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” upper W/G SM position์„ 8.40[mA], lower W/G SM position์„ 9.25[mA], upper DIST V/V position์„ 6.55[mA], lower DIST V/V position์„ 7.40[mA]๋กœ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ position feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” Status S/W ์ฝ˜์†”๋ถ€์—์„œ 0์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ, SM position๊ณผ DIST V/V position์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ major fault๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” DI/DO๋ถ€์˜ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ETOR1์ด ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๋ฉด ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ, ETOR4๊ฐ€ ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๋ฉด ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ, MANU1์ด ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, DI/DO๋ถ€์˜ MANU2๊ฐ€ ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๋ฉด lower W/G, ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„๋˜๋ฉด upper W/G๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 5. Test conditions of fault diagnosis device in N1500 controller

ํ•ญ ๋ชฉ

๋‚ด ์—ญ

position feedback ๋ชจ์˜์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€

upper W/G SM position

8.40[mA]

lower W/G SM position

6.55[mA]

upper DIST V/V position

9.25[mA]

lower DIST V/V position

7.40[mA]

DI/DO๋ถ€

ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ

ETOR1 ํ„ด-์˜จ

ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ

ETOR4 ํ„ด-์˜จ

์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ

MANU1 ํ„ด-์˜จ

upper W/G

MANU2 ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„

lower W/G

MANU2 ํ„ด-์˜จ

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

0~61[Hz]

์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€

์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••

125[Vdc]

4.2 N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

4.2.1 W/G์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

W/G์šฉ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” sensor No.1์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4[mA]๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(a)๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ํŽ„์Šคํญ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ holding position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(b)๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํŽ„์Šคํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํŽ„์Šคํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ opening position ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(c)๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํŽ„์Šคํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํŽ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. W/G์šฉ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 8. Waveform of actuator driving pulse in N1000 controller for W/G

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. 4-20mA feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ W/G ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 9. Operation characteristics of W/G for 4-20mA feedback signal

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์Šคํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ closing position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— holding position์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 4-20mA feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ W/G ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4, 8, 12, 16, 20[mA]์—์„œ ETOR1์„ ํ† ๊ธ€ํ•˜๋ฉด, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” opening position์„ ์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  holding position ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์…‹ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ opening position์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  holding position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 16, 12, 8, 4[mA] ์—์„œ ETOR1์„ ํ† ๊ธ€ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” closing position์„ ์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  holding position ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค.

4.2.2 R/B์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

R/B์šฉ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ opening ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” sensor No.1์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 20[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4[mA]์—์„œ 20[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(a)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4[mA]์—์„œ 14[mA]๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(b)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 15[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(c)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 16[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ holding position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(d)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 17[mA]์—์„œ 20[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค closing position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, R/B์šฉ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ closing ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” sensor No.1์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 4[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 20[mA]์—์„œ 4[mA]์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11(a)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 20[mA]์—์„œ 11[mA]์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. R/B์šฉ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ opening ๋™์ž‘ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 10. Opening characteristics of actuator driving pulse in N1000 controller for R/B

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์˜ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— closing position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11(b)์™€ (c)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 10[mA]๊ณผ 9[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค์˜ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ closing position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11(d)๋Š” sensor No.2์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 8[mA]์—์„œ 4[mA]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค์˜ ์–‘์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ holding position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. R/B์šฉ N1000 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ closing ๋™์ž‘ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 11. Closing characteristics of actuator driving pulse in N1000 controller for R/B

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4.3 N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

4.3.1 ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” SM position๊ณผ DIST V/V์˜ feedback ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 0์—์„œ 60[Hz]๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(a)๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋™์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 0์—์„œ 50.95[Hz]๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด, upper W/G์™€ lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(b)๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 50.96[Hz]๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ upper W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— closing position ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ holding position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(c)๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 59.94[Hz]๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, upper W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” closing position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(d)๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 60[Hz]๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, upper W/G์™€ lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 12. Actuator operation characteristics of turbine mode in N1500 controller

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4.3.2 ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13(a)๋Š” ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋™์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, upper W/G์™€ lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13(b)๋Š” ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ 10์ดˆ ํ›„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, upper W/G์™€ lower W/G์˜ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— closing position ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 13. Actuator operation characteristics of pumping mode in N1500 controller

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4.3.3 ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(a)๋Š” upper W/G๋ฅผ positive direction(๋‹ซํž˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, upper W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— closing position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(b)๋Š” upper W/G๋ฅผ negative direction(์—ด๋ฆผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, upper W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(c)๋Š” lower W/G๋ฅผ positive direction์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–‘์˜ ํญ์ด ์Œ์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— closing position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(d)๋Š” lower W/G๋ฅผ negative direction์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, lower W/G์˜ actuator ๊ตฌ๋™ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Œ์˜ ํญ์ด ์–‘์˜ ํญ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— opening position ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. N1500 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 14. Actuator operation characteristics for manual mode in N1500 controller

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5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์šด์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์šด์šฉ์ค‘์ธ 7MW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ 2๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๋ชจ๋“œ, ํŽŒํ”„๋ชจ๋“œ, ์ˆ˜๋™๋ชจ๋“œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ์šด์šฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์šด์šฉ์ค‘์ธ 250MW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ 4๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์šฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Alstom์˜ N1000 ๋ฐ N1500 ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋Š” ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SM ๋ฐ DIST V/V์˜ postion feedback ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Research Council of Science & Technology(NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. CPS22131-100).

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(20224000000160, DC Grid Energy Innovation Research Center).

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด์ง„ํ˜ธ(Jin-Ho Lee)
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He received his B.S. degree in Electronic Engineering from Hannam University in 2001.

He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree at Korea University of Technology and Education.

He is the CEO of Daho Mechatronics. co., a company that inspecting and repairing service, the control and electrical facilities of hydro/ thermal/ nuclear power plants.

๊น€์œคํ˜ธ(Yun-Ho Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/au2.png

He received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2022.

He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree at Korea University of Technology and Education.

He is interested in distribution system, power quality, coordination of protection devices, renewable energy resources and micro-grid.

๊น€๊ฒฝํ™”(Kyung-Hwa Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/au3.png

He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2021 and 2023, respectively.

He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Korea University of Technology and Education.

He is interested in distribution system, power quality, coordination of protection devices, renewable energy resources and micro-grid.

๊น€์ง€๋ช…(Ji-Myung Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/au4.png

He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2020 and 2022, respectively.

He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Korea University of Technology and Education.

He is interested in power and distribution system, energy storage system and renewable energy sources.

์ „์ง„ํƒ(Jin-Taek Jeon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/au5.png

He received his B.S. degree in Electronic Engineering from Cheongju University in 2009 and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2012.

He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Korea University of Technology and Education.

He is interested in distribution system, energy storage system and renewable energy sources.

๋…ธ๋Œ€์„(Dae-Seok Rho)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1627/au6.png

He received the B.S. degree and M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Korea University in 1985 and 1987, respectively.

He earned a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan in 1997.

He has been working as a professor at Korea University of Technology and Education since 1999.

His research interests include operation of power distribution systems, dispersed storage and generation systems and power quality.